Background: Transient and stable transformation of host plants are the common techniques to produce transgenic plants. However, the main drawback of stable transformation is the fact that it takes quite a long time to produce a transgenic line. While, transient gene expression is a quick method to produce recombinant proteins in plants.  Objective: The main goal of the present study was to eva...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants display a wide range of traits that allow them to use animals for vital tasks. To attract and reward aggressive ants that protect developing leaves and flowers from consumers, many plants bear extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). EFNs are exceptionally diverse in morphology and locations on a plant. In this study the evolution of EFN diversity is explored by focusing on the ...

<i>Glycosmis kanburiensis</i> (Rutaceae) from Kanchanaburi Province, southwestern Thailand is described as a new species. It similar to <i>G. esquirolii</i> (H. Lév.) Tanaka in its dendriform habit, terminal inflorescences, and large leaflets, but several easily recognizable differences floral features, including triangular sepals with rust-colored indumentum (vs. broadl...

Inspired by the potential functional activity of polyphenol compounds contained in raspberry (Rubus idaeus), we previously explored effects cultivation environment and maturity on polyphenolic profiles leaves fruits. Herein, building our previous studies, used high-performance liquid chromatography chromatography–mass spectrometry to profile five parts flowers (receptacles, sepals, pistils, sta...

The accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) in tobacco leaves has been casually related to pathogen and specific physiological stresses. The known enzymatic function of some of these proteins is potentially antimicrobial. By using antibodies specific to three classes of pathogenesis-related proteins, we examined tobacco plants during their normal growth. The pathogenesis-related prot...

We genotyped strawberry cultivars by two newly selected and two previously reported SSR markers. All four markers produced interpretable electropherograms from 75 accessions consisting of 72 Fragaria × ananassa cultivars or lines and three octoploid Fragaria species accessions. These SSR markers were highly polymorphic; in particular, one of the newly developed markers, FxaHGA02P13, was capable...

During plant epidermal development, many cell types are generated fromprotodermal cells, a process requiringcomplex co-ordinationof cell division, growth, endoreduplication and the acquisition of differentiated cellular morphologies. Herewe show that theArabidopsis phytocalpain DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 (DEK1) promotes the differentiated epidermal state. Plants with reduced DEK1 activity produce cotyl...

Mechanisms controlling vein patterning are poorly understood. We describe a recessive Arabidopsis mutant, scarface (sfc), which maps to chromosome 5. sfc mutants have vein pattern defects in cotyledons, leaves, sepals and petals. In contrast to the wild type, in which these organs all have linear veins that are continuous with at least one other vein, in sfc mutants these organs' secondary and ...

The petunia MADS box floral binding protein (fbp) gene 1 represents a class B homeotic gene determining the identity of second and third floral whorl organs. Suppression of fbp1, which is highly homologous to the Antirrhinum gene globosa and Arabidopsis gene pistillata, results in the conversion of petals to sepals and stamens to carpels. In contrast to fbp1, the petunia homeotic gene pMADS1, e...

flavonoids, are a large class of polyphenols, with more than 4000 combinations. they have an antioxidant role in plant photosynthesis and in the human body they optimally act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and protector of the heart. quercetin is in the flavonol group that is used to fight protection specifically against viruses and cancer cells. in this study, comparison of e...