authors thank Peggy Gilligan for providing valuable research assistance. L ending to small firms traditionally has been a business served primarily by the banking industry. Banks have specialized in assessing and monitoring borrowers, particularly companies too small to access the bond and equity markets directly. In addition, because banks provide a variety of transactions services such as che...

Credit spreads on household and business loans move in lockstep spike every recession. We propose a theory as to why banks tighten their lending standards following drop market sentiment. The key feature is procyclical shadow banking sector that shifts risk from traditional investors through securitisation. fit the model euro‑area data find sentiment shocks are main driver of financial cycles o...

Fintech lending is an alternative vehicle to traditional lending. In the modern industry, fintech will play a vital role as it ensures banking everywhere. The ecosystem in India improving every day and by 2023 emerge key source. RBI issued detailed guidelines this regard Sept, 2022 ensure transparent fair mechanism at low cost. providing new opportunities borrowers investors lower cost, greater...

We derive an optimal dynamic lending contract in a simple adverse selection model with limited commitment on the borrower side. An optimal contract involves “penalty” rates after a default, and favorable rates after a success. It also charges higher rates for first-time borrowers than for repeat borrowers, as in “relationship” lending. We compare the efficiency of a group lending contract (of t...

Institutions that rely on joint liability to facilitate lending to the poor have a long history and are now a common feature of many developing countries. Economists have proposed several theories of joint-liability lending that stress various aspects of its informational and enforcement advantages over other forms of lending. This paper analyzes how joint-liability lending promotes screening, ...

Relationship lending is a common practice in credit financing all over the world, particularly in Germany. On the basis of a comprehensive data set comprising information on firm-bank relationships for more than 16,000 observations, this study analyses the determinants of relationship lending in Germany. We find that small, young and R&D-intensive firms tend to choose relationship lending. Furt...

In this paper we investigate whether macroeconomic uncertainty could distort banks’ allocation of loanable funds. To provide a road– map for our empirical investigation, we present a simple framework which demonstrates that lower uncertainty about the return from lending should lead to a more unequal distribution of lending across banks as managers take advantage of more precise knowledge of di...

We show real effects of financial reporting transparency on the domestic banking sector. Transparent financial reporting facilitates non-financial firms’ access to arm’s-length financing from external capital markets and foreign banks. This diminishes non-financial firms’ reliance on domestic banks for their financial services. Domestic banks thus face increased competition from the alternate p...

In this paper we examine the impact of the combined state and federal mortgage interest tax subsidies to homeownership on homeownership attainment, using panel data from 1984 to 2007 and exploiting the fact that the value of these subsidies may vary by income group across states and over time and depending on local housing market conditions and lending standards. We also exploit the fact that h...