There is an increasing realisation of the importance of operation and maintenance as opposed to capital costs throughout the life of an asset. In addition, new styles of contracts such as PFI (Private Finance Initiative) are becoming more popular. This will require that the building product is addressed within its holistic picture including the design, construction and maintenance. It is theref...

Investments in power systems are characterized by large investment costs and uncertainties do to extended time frame. New consumption patterns in the electricity grid, as well as an aging grid calls for modernization, new solutions and new investments. Components in the electrical system is characterized by most of their costs that are caused after their acquisition. One state of the art method...

When considering the sustainability of production processes, research studies usually emphasise environmental impacts and do not adequately address economic social impacts. Toy is no exception when it comes to assessing sustainability. Previous on toys has focused solely aspects neglected aspects. This paper presents a assessment toy using life cycle assessment, costing, assessment. We conducte...

Design and procurement based on holistic whole life appraisal can improve functional quality and, therefore, the overall cost effectiveness and performance of buildings. It is furthermore expected these principles can strengthen the competitiveness of concrete. The initial part of the work, analysed requirements on buildings and how concrete provides answers to these. Life cycle costing, enviro...