There is currently little knowledge of the loading patterns of the bones and muscles of the shoulder girdle. Despite the existence of complex upper limb models, they have only recently been used to study the loading of the joints during tasks of daily living. Studying activities of daily living is vital in understanding the range of kinematics, load bearing and stability required of the upper l...

BACKGROUND Lengthening of bones by gradually distracting bone fragments using an external apparatus by Ilizarov, is a long process with numerous complications. The greatest threats in limb lengthening are poor new bone formation as well as premature consolidation of the newly generated bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of ultrasonography in evaluation of bone forma...

The up s ide of a gas shortage T he key to building strong bones and healthy joints is oxygen scarcity in the developing embryo. As Provot et al. show on page 451, a protein activated by low oxygen levels orchestrates the formation of limb bones and joints. The work demonstrates that one function of the protein is spurring differentiation of cartilage-constructing chondrocytes. An embryo acquir...

The aim of this study is to assess the performances of the global optimisation (GO) method (Bone position estimation from skin marker co-ordinates using GO with joint constraints. Journal of Biomechanics 32, 129-134) within the upper limb kinematics analysis. First the model of the upper limb is presented. Then we apply GO method in order to reduce skin movement artefacts that imply relative mo...

BACKGROUND Knowledge regarding nutrient foramina of bones is useful in surgical procedures such as microvascular bone transfer in order to preserve the circulation. The objective of the present study was to study the morphology and topography of nutrient foramina and to determine the foraminal index of the lower limb long bones to provide detailed data on such features. METHOD The study compr...

Several bones of the upper extremity were recovered during excavations of Late Pleistocene deposits at Liang Bua, Flores, and these have been attributed to Homo floresiensis. At present, these upper limb remains have been assigned to six different individuals - LB1, LB2, LB3, LB4, LB5, and LB6. Several of these bones are complete or nearly so, but some are quite fragmentary. All skeletal remain...

Sixteen weeks of a relatively mild running program, started at 22 months of age, lowered the body weights of 26-month-old male rats to the level of 9-month-old rats and increased the weights and the collagen densities of hind limb bones to levels greater than those of 9-, 22-, and 26-month-old sedentary rats. The densities (g/cm3) and the calcium densities (mg/cm3) of the hind limb bones decrea...

Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is characterized by progressive degeneration and atrophy of the cutaneous, subcutaneous connective tissues, muscles and bones. Classically, PRS is restricted to unilateral face but in 20% of patients may extend to other parts of the body including ipsilateral or contralateral arms, trunk and legs. We report a case of 24-year-old male who presented with insidious ons...

On the basis of a digital analysis of radiograms it was checked if, and to what extent, the extended loading of one of the sides of the body of racehorses leads to differences in the microstructure of the spongy bone of the bilateral pastern bones of the thoracic limbs. The research material consisted of radiograms of the pastern bones of the right and left thoracic limbs of racehorses. On the ...