Given a species tree and a gene tree, a valid coalescent history is a list of the branches of the species tree on which coalescences in the gene tree take place. I develop a recursion for the number of valid coalescent histories that exist for an arbitrary gene tree/species tree pair, when one gene lineage is studied per species. The result is obtained by defining a concept of m-extended coales...

A new initiative from the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) aims to establish a “Common Domain Model” (ISDA CDM): a new standard for data and process representation across the full range of derivatives instruments. Design of the ISDA CDM is at an early stage and the draft definition contains considerable complexity. This paper contributes by offering insight, analysis and d...

If speciation is typically a process of allopatric divergence following vicariance or dispersal, then a priori, we might expect that individuals of separate lineages typically will retain the ability to “recognize mates” across species boundaries, especially if some components of mate recognition experience strong stabilizing selection. Confusion results from an over-reliance on the importance ...

In order to better understand life, it is helpful to look beyond the envelop of life as we know it. A simple model of coevolution was implemented with the addition of genes for longevity and mutation rate in the individuals. This made it possible for a lineage to evolve to be immortal. It also allowed the evolution of no mutation or extremely high mutation rates. The model shows that when the i...

In this paper we examine how concurrency has been embodied in mainstream programming languages. In particular, we rely on the evolutionary talking borrowed from biology to discuss major historical landmarks and crucial concepts that shaped the development of programming languages. We examine the general development process, occasionally deepening into some language, trying to uncover evolutiona...

The histiocytoses are a group of proliferative disorders of themonocyte-macrophage lineage that are neoplastic or reactive innature. Based on immunophenotyping and electron microscopy,two main groups have been recognized namely 1) Langerhanscell histiocytosis (LCH) and 2) non- Langerhans cell histiocytosis(non-LCH). In this study, a fairly rare disease of the non-LCHgroup, generalized eruptive ...

This study describes the unresolved problem of fight for throne in restoration Kubu kingdom and reveals underlying root causes. The description is based on historical accounts continuous local mass media coverage related to throne. placed its Indonesian political context, namely Regional Autonomy Era which seeks promote preservation development culture. Nasab fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence concern...

The heterogeneity of cancers limits the reproducibility anticancer target-biomarker associations in diverse cohorts or sample groups. Here, we carried out consensus analyses cancer omics data to find improved consistency (reproducibility) prognostic power biomarkers and potential targets. Overall, ∼74% RNA expression patient samples were exclusively found a single lineage, most them did not pas...