To cite: Mestre T, Rodrigues AM, Cardoso J. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2014-205883 DESCRIPTION Granuloma annulare is a granulomatous skin disease of unknown aetiology. It is more common in women and has a disseminated form in 10–15% of patients. A small portion of these patients have an associated disease such as diabetes mellitus, viral infe...

A procedure is provided for decomposing the linear field of flat pulsed wave annular arrays into an equivalent set of known limited diffraction Bessel beams. Each Bessel beam propagates with known characteristics, enabling good insight into the propagation of annular fields to be obtained. Numerical examples are given in the context of a 10-ring annular array operating at a central frequency of...

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) (1) is a rare granulomatous skin disease, characterized by elastolysis, elastophagocytosis, and an abundance of multinucleated giant cells. Actinic granuloma (2) is generally involved in the entity of AEGCG (1), but is localized in chronically sun-exposed and damaged regions, while normally demonstrating solitary or multiple , typical annular les...

Although histological assessment can assist in many dermatological diagnoses, there has been a recent trend to add imaging modalities improve diagnostic accuracy. Ultrasound uses large array of frequencies that correspond various depths the skin: subcutaneous layer be viewed with high resolution. Subcutaneous nodules, deep-seated lesions deep dermis and layers, are attractive targets for ultras...

We provide a new presentation for the annular braid group. The annular braid group is known to be isomorphic to the finite type Artin group with Coxeter graph Bn. Using our presentation, we show that the annular braid group is a semidirect product of an infinite cyclic group and the affine Artin group with Coxeter graph Ãn−1. This provides a new example of an infinite type Artin group which inj...