introduction landslide is a geologic process that occurs over a wide variety of spatial and temporal scales in many mountainous landscapes. landslides have a correspondingly wide range of effects that depends strongly on their spatial pattern of occurrence and frequency and magnitude of movement. mass movements can be the dominant source of erosion responsible for the long-term geomorphic evolu...

Jahanshahloo et al. (Appl Math Comput 153:215–224, 2004) propose a method for ranking extremely efficient decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) using super-efficiency technique and l1-norm and they show that the presented method is able to eliminate the existing difficulties in some methods. This paper suggests an alternative transformation to convert the nonlinear mod...

This paper is concerned with the integer quadratic multidimensional knapsack problem (QMKP) where the objective function is separable. Our objective is to determine which expansion technique of the integer variables is the most appropriate to solve (QMKP) to optimality using the upper bound method proposed by Quadri et al. (2007). To the best of our knowledge the upper bound method previously m...

The following stochastic model, which can be used for example to describe an insurance business, has been considered by Grandell (1991) and Embrechts et al. (1997), Rolski et al. (1999) and Asmussen (2000), among others. Costs of claims Zi, ib 1, form a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.), positive random variables (r.v.s) with a common distribution function (d.f.) F an...

A~traet--A self-contained presentation of the interpolation We consider a 2-D RF Z(x, y) over a domain problem in two-dimensional spatial random fields is given. We ~: (x, y) e f2 ___ R z, and we assume that a realization investigate the case where the random field is not necessarily stationary, where the data are so scarce and so scattered in space of this RF is available in the form of a that...

We study entanglement and squeezing of a cluster of spin systems under the influence of the two-axis countertwisting Hamiltonian. The squeezing parameters given by Wineland et al and also by Kitagawa et al. are chosen as the criteria of spin squeezing. The criterion of pairwise entanglement is chosen to be the concurrence and that of the bipartite entanglement the linear entropy. We also define...

abstract saturated water content is one of the important parameters which its measurement is necessary in estimation of soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves. in several researches, saturated water content is assumed to be equal to soil total porosity. in some others, its value is estimated by pedotransfer functions using readily available parameters, such as bulk d...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a non–parametric method is used to measure relative performance of organizational units. The aim of this paper is to develop a new model to evaluate the efficiency of a general two-stage network structures proposed by Li et al.  (2012) for measuring the performance of Decision Making Units (DMUs). In addition, this paper expands the work of Li et al. (2012) an...

The images and video sequences obtained from optical, radar, medical sensors, in digital photographs, high definition television, electron microscopy, etc. are formed in the electronic devices, which use different sensors, like x-ray systems, remote sensing cameras, radars, radiometers, US sensors, CCD, etc. (Bovik et al.; 2000, Chaudhuri, 2001; Chaudhuri & Manjunath 2005). So, the images and f...