This section considers the actual performance in poverty reduction of selected LDCs for which information is available in order to get an idea of which circumstances promote success and which do not. The analysis has to be carried out in a situation of extreme data constraint, especially for the SSA which has the largest concentration of LDCs. In view of the very different nature and extent of ...

In this paper, we define the concept of uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relation, and introduce some operational laws of uncertain multiplicative linguistic variables. We propose some new aggregation operators including the uncertain linguistic geometric mean (ULGM) operator, uncertain linguistic weighted geometric mean (ULWGM) operator, uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geom...

Lexical representation so far has not been extensively investigated in regard to language acquisition. Existing computational linguistic systems assume that text analysis and generation take place in conditions of complete lexical knowledge. That is, no unknown elements are encountered in processing text. It turns out however, that productive as well as non-productive word combinations require ...

It is easy for an expert to express his/her preferences using fuzzy linguistic term such as ‘good’, ‘very good’ in group decision making because of uncertainty existing. The linguistic 2-tuple representation model was selected to represent fuzzy linguistic term. To obtain the objective decision power in a linguistic 2-tuple judgment matrix given by an expert, the paper put forward a new approac...

This paper presents new approaches to modelling both linguistic and non-linguistic feedback during instruction giving in a virtual domain. Our approach enables finegrained investigation of how language and actions are conditioned by task-level and domain-level features of dialogue. In a preliminary study, we examine the interaction between pauses in linguistic and non-linguistic activity. As fa...

Since the concept of linguistic variables was proposed, various kinds of linguistic terms have been used to express decision makers’ preference information in order to solve group decision making (GDM) problems. Probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) is a novel extension form of the existing linguistic variables. Based on it, the probabilistic linguistic preference relation (PLPR) has been pr...

Based on the level empowerment system and the linguistic operator, a satisfaction evaluation process is proposed in this paper. First of all, a level empowerment system is established to generate the weight of each surveyed tourist. Then, some new linguistic operations are defined which can remedy the defects of the existed operations. Besides, the expectation and variance in linguistic informa...

This paper contains a close look at Koskenniemi’s Two-level morphol­ ogy from a linguistic point of view. The model will be compared to three other traditional, linguistic morphological models, lA , IP and WP. It will be shown that there are linguistic phenomena that can hardly be handled by some of the just mentioned models, and not at all in a linguistically satisfactory manner by the Two-lev...