background: helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) cytotoxin and its heterogeneity amongst strains has been closely linked to the varying infection-associated clinical outcomes. in order to determine the decisive role of the vacuolating cytotoxin (vaca) gene mosaicism in its corresponding gene expression and phenotype, we aimed to characterize vaca alleles of different h. pylori strains in addition to...

background : aids is acquired by infection with hiv (human immuno-deficiency virus). it leaves the host susceptible to malignant and unusual infections especially opportunistic ones. most of aids patients infected with opportunistic parasitic infections die because of chronic diarrhea and deaths due to cryptosporidium diarrhea in aids patients are considerable in the recent two decades. the aim...

In this position paper, we outline a vision for a new type of engineering: immuno-engineering, that can be used for the development of biologically grounded and theoretically understood Artificial Immune Systems (AIS). We argue that, like many bio-inspired paradigms, AIS have drifted somewhat away from the source of inspiration. We also argue that through an interdisciplinary approach, it is po...

Disc immuno-immobilization is a simple method for typing the flagellar phase of Salmonella enterica. We re-examined this method using commercial antisera, which contains the preservative sodium azide. Originally prepared motility agar activates bacterial motility and renders S. enterica resistant to sodium azide, resulting in the formation of immuno-immobilization lines around reactive immuno-d...

The concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA and their age dependence were determined in the serum of normal, untreated beagle dogs by a newly developed sandwich enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay (ELISA). A clear age-dependent increase between approximately 0.8 and 1.6 years of age was observed for the immunoglobulin IgA, whereas IgG and IgM showed only a slight tendency to an age-de...

Nosocomial infections are a health concern in hospitals both in developed and developing countries. Immuno-compromised patients in intensive care units (ICU) have been identified as being particularly vulnerable. However, despite numerous interventions, infection rates remain high and antibiotic resistance is now of global concern. In Sri Lanka, higher than anticipated infection rates appear li...

The distribution of rat liver epoxide hydrolase in various subcellular fractions was investigated by immuno-electron-microscopy. Ferritin-linked monospecific anti-(epoxide hydrolase) immunoglobulins bound specifically to the cytoplasmic surfaces of total microsomal preparations and smooth and rough microsomal fractions as well as the nuclear envelope. Specific binding was not observed when the ...

A microdevice assay is being developed to continuously measure specific antigen concentrations within a sample stream. This device will allow real-time measurement of systemic protein concentrations within blood plasma, at high sample rates not possible with existing bench-top assays. Magnetic actuation of antibody coated paramagnetic microbeads between sample and wash streams leads to highly c...

The specificity and affinity of antibody-antigen interactions is a fundamental way to achieve reliable biosensing responses. Different proteins involved with dry eye dysfunction: ANXA1, ANXA11, CST4, PRDX5, PLAA and S100A6; were validated as biomarkers. In this work several antibodies were tested for ANXA1, ANXA11 and PRDX5 to select the best candidates for each biomarker. The results were obta...