for a long time, many efforts have been taken on improving gas turbine performance to increase the propulsive force and keep the chamber walls cool. in this regard, implementation of cyclonic and vortex engines have been proposed. according to increasing in the engine efficiency and keeping the chamber walls cool, the bidirectional vortex flow which is exited in the vortex engine, makes researc...

gelled propellants are improved propellants that can be considered as the final extension of liquid propellants. high specific impulse, good density and safety better than that of both solid and liquid propellants are advantages of the gel propellants. they are made by addition a suitable gellant to liquid propellants. in this research, nano al particles have been used in udmh gel fuel. the gel...

A fuel component perturbation experiment was performed in order to determine the sensitivity of the engine-out emission levels of two olefins, 2-methylpropene (2MP) and 1,3-butadiene, to selected fuel components. In this experiment, a base fuel was perturbed with the following four major fuel components: MTBE, toluene, m,p-xylene, and iso-octane. For each of these components, new fuel mixtures ...

SHAHAB is a PC- based simulator developed by Olefin Research Group (ORG), with the simultaneous simulation of the reactor, the firebox, the convection section and the transfer line exchanger in steam Cracking units. The reaction mechanism of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons is generally accepted as free-radical chain reactions. Using a rigorous kinetic model, a complete reaction network for rep...

The development of a liquid fueled mesoscale catalytic combustor is presented, based on the coupling of multiplexed electrosprays for liquid fuel dispersion and a stack of catalytic grids. The grids act as a compact catalytic reactor for combustion initiation, stabilization and enhanced conversion, as well as ground electrodes for the electrospray. The combustor has a volume on the order of few...

Doped Bi-based oxides were investigated as potential anode materials for direct hydrocarbon solid oxide fuel cells ~SOFCs! at intermediate temperatures. (Bi2O3)0.85(Ta2O5)0.15 met this criterion most successfully. A fraction of Bi2O3 in this material was reduced to BiO and Bi metal under fuel conditions, which yielded high conductivities ~,1 S cm! based on oxide ions and electrons above 500°C. ...

An important building block of a new sustainable energy infrastructure is the transition of the transportation sector from inefficient internal combustion engines towards electric drives. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising power sources since they can generate electricity from the electrochemical oxidation of a fuel, e.g. hydrogen or methanol, which would provide higher ...

In this paper, we review the current technology for the storage of hydrogen on board a fuel cell propelled vehicle. Having outlined the technical specifications necessary to match the performance of hydrocarbon fuel, we first outline the inherent difficulties with gas pressure and liquid hydrogen storage. We then outline the history of transition metal hydride storage, leading to the developmen...

Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion is spontaneous multi-site combustion of a nominally premixed air/fuel mixture that exhibits high rate of pressure rise and short combustion duration. To avoid excessive pressure rise rate and knocking, HCCI engines are fueled with highly diluted mixture using a combination of excess air and/or EGR. HCCI combustion is attractive due to ...