The present study was undertaken to study the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of healthy non-smoking women of Punjab using biomass fuels for cooking. The values of PEFR of these women were also compared with that of healthy non-smoking women using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking. The influence of age, height and weight on their PEFR values was also studied. One hundred and fifty healthy non...

In studies examining the health effects of household air pollution (HAP), lack of affordable monitoring devices often precludes collection of actual air pollution data, forcing use of exposure indicators, such as type of cooking fuel used. Among the most important pollutants is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), perhaps the best single indicator of risk from smoke exposure. In this study, we depl...

Liquid transportation fuels derived from coal and natural gas could helpthe United States reduce its dependence on petroleum. The fuels could be produced domestically or imported from fossil fuel-rich countries. The goal of this paper is to determine the life-cycle GHG emissions of coal- and natural gas-based Fischer-Tropsch (FT) liquids, as well as to compare production costs. The results show...

Thermal performance of three different types of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) domestic cooking burners, i.e. a conventional radial flow, a vertical flow and a swirling flow were analyzed by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). PI V diagnostics can explain the burners’ performance from their corresponding flow fields at an impingement area. With the difference of flow patterns, larger atta...

(a) Interim Report: urgent measures that should be implemented to prevent harmful air pollutants (October 18, 1996). (b) Report No. 2: measures to reduce exhaust emissions from motor vehicles that utilize gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel, hereafter they are referred to as gasolineor LPG-fueled motor vehicles, respectively, and also special motor vehicles, which are the largeand...

The conversion of kerosene to gas is a policy deemed appropriate by the government. This was taken divert use fuel as necessity for cooking because approximately in 2025 Indonesia expected run out, therefore government trying find substitute kerosene, namely Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Moreover, Indonesian households continue increase and amount has decreased it even difficult community obta...

BACKGROUND Three billion people use solid cooking fuels, and 4 million people die from household air pollution annually. Shifting households to clean fuels, like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), may protect health only if stoves are consistently used. Few studies have used an implementation science framework to systematically assess "de-implementation" of traditional stoves, and none have done so...

BACKGROUND Reliance on biomass for cooking and heating exposes many women and young children in developing countries to high levels of air pollution indoors. This study investigated the association between household use of biomass fuels for cooking and acute respiratory infections (ARI) in preschool age children (<5 years) in Zimbabwe. METHODS Analysis is based on 3559 children age 0-59 month...

A series of microcosm experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of various gaseous electron donors (including hydrogen, 1-hexene, ethyl acetate, and liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]) for supporting biological perchlorate reduction under different electron donor concentrations and soil moistures. Under high soil moisture (16% w/w) conditions, complete or partial perchlorate degradat...