We study the new water model proposed by Mahoney and Jorgensen [J. Chem. Phys. 112, 8910 (2000)], which is closer to real water than previously proposed classical pairwise additive potentials. We simulate the model in a wide range of deeply supercooled states and find (i) the existence of a nonmonotonic "nose-shaped" temperature of maximum density line and a nonreentrant spinodal, (ii) the pres...

The paper presents an experimental study of transformation of a laser beam formed by an aperiodic diffractive axicon (fracxicon) in a lithium niobate x-cut. The beam is shown to undergo astigmatic rhomboidal transformation induced by the crystal birefringence. The output beam intensity distribution is measured at various distances from the crystal. The effects analyzed make it possible to exten...

We have developed a two-step filling process for the nano-reaction of ionic liquid in a tip-closed SWNT, where fullerenes are inserted at the end of the host SWNT as a plug to prevent the leakage of the confined ionic liquid during heat treatment.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) is a powerful eukaryotic model organism ideally suited to high-throughput genetic analyses, which time and again has yielded insights that further our understanding of cell biology processes conserved in humans. Lithium Acetate (LiAc) transformation of yeast with DNA for the purposes of exogenous protein expression (e.g., plasmids) or genome mutation (e....

The Wang-Landau Monte Carlo approach is applied to the coil-globule and melting transitions of off-lattice flexible homopolymers. The solid-liquid melting point and coil-globule transition temperatures are identified by their respective peaks in the heat capacity as a function of temperature. The melting and theta points are well separated, indicating that the coil-globule transition occurs sep...

The temperature-independent Wang-Landau Monte Carlo approach is implemented for an off-lattice model of flexible homopolymers and applied to the coil-globule and solidification transitions based on chain sizes up to N=300. An intermediate transformation from low-density liquid globule to high-density liquid globule is suggested. A scheme for identifying polymer structures representative of part...

This work investigates heat transfer and phase change during picosecond laser ablation of nickel. In this study, ablation of nickel is studied using a mode-locked 25 ps (FWHM) Nd:YAG laser. The threshold fluence for mass removal (ablation) is experimentally determined. Numerical calculations of the transient temperature distribution and kinetics of the solid–liquid and liquid–vapor phase change...

R ecent advances of modern optics have been made possible with the development of unique materials, most notably liquid crystals (LCs), photonic crystals (PCs), and metamaterials (MMs). LCs have already completed a revolution in the way we present information nowadays, enabling an entire industry of flat panel liquid crystal displays (LCDs). PCs (1) and MMs (2) are further behind in terms of br...

The time evolution of the interface between the cholesteric and the blue phase of the cholesteryl esters has been measured as a function-Cif supercooling. The results are interpreted as consistent with the physical picture of a shape-preserving interface profile propagating with a rate that is determined by the orientational relaxation of the molecules near the interface. This method of investi...