Many types of innate (natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, and Kupffer cells/macrophages) and adaptive (T cells and B cells) immune cells are enriched within the liver and function in liver physiology and pathology. Liver pathology is generally induced by two types of immunologic insults: failure to eliminate antigens derived from the gastrointestinal tract which are important for host...

Intraabdominal pathology, either primary or secondary, may frequently be found in critically ill patients. Without early diagnosis and treatment, the patient's condition may deteriorate and even progress to death. In this article, we provide a current review of the literature regarding liver, biliary, pancreatic, and splenic problems in critically ill patients and describe common ultrasound fin...

PURPOSE To evaluate whether the diagnostic performance of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in evaluating liver function and pathology is improved by considering liver volume (LV). METHODS This retrospective study included 104 patients who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI before liver surgery. For each patient, using the precontrast and hepatobiliary phase images, we calculated the increase rate of ...

Background and Aim: An altered liver function test does not always indicate pathology in the liver. We present a case of chronic diarrhea referred for an test. This underscores importance considering apart from cases with low albumin protein levels. Case report: A 65-year-old female K/C/O hypertension hypothyroidism on oral medications presented persistent small bowel type vomiting, initially t...

Alcohol consumption alters the metabolism of the most common type of cell found in the liver, the hepatocyte. The presence of alcohol in the body causes the liver to use more oxygen-for example, when breaking down the alcohol. Increased oxygen use, in turn, causes oxygen deficits in several key cells, particularly in hepatocytes located near the small hepatic veins. These veins return blood to ...

The term " cirrhosis" was originally applied by Laennec to the tawny yellow nodules of the atrophic form, which he mistook for new growth, but nowadays the name is used to express a general increase of connective tissue within the liver, and has that meaning in this article. Normally the amount of connective tissue in the human liver is slight in proportion to the gland substance, and is only f...

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) encompass a group of diseases with cardinal symptoms of fever, hemorrhage, and shock. The liver is a critical mediator of VHF disease pathogenesis and high levels of ALT/AST transaminases in plasma correlate with poor prognosis. In fact, Lassa Fever (LF), the most prevalent VHF in Africa, was initially clinically described as hepatitis. Previous studies in non-hu...

conclusions liver metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors in iran presents in a very similar manner as that seen in western countries. in about 89% of cases with liver-net, complete imaging, clinical, and pathological studies can help to identify the primary origin of the liver-net, which is very important in the patient’s management. results the most common primary site of metastatic gi-net to the...

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare and potentially fatal disease that occurs in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester pregnancy. This article presents two clinical cases AFLP provides review literature on this pathology. Diagnosis based clinical, laboratory radiological criteria, treatment involves early recognition condition with delivery full supportive maternal care are extre...