Mechanical stresses on the myocyte nucleus have been associated with several diseases and potentially transduce mechanical stimuli into cellular responses. Although a number of physical links between the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic filaments have been identified, previous studies have focused on the mechanical properties of individual components of the nucleus, such as the nuclear envelope...

To study the dynamics of mammalian HP1 proteins we have microinjected recombinant forms of mHP1alpha, M31 and M32 into the cytoplasm of living cells. As could be expected from previous studies, the three fusion proteins were efficiently transported into the nucleus and targeted specific chromatin areas. However, before incorporation into these areas the exogenous proteins accumulated in a perip...

Intranuclear electrophoresis of living cells under appropriate conditions causes the chromatin and nucleoli to move rapidly into the anodal side of the nucleus. In pig kidney cells, chromatin lengths attached to the nuclear envelope are oriented by the current and freed from surrounding non-oriented chromatin. Individual chromatin strands isolated in this way are often long and have not been su...

The spatial and temporal dynamics of diploid chromosome organization, microtubule arrangement, and the state of the nuclear envelope have been analyzed in syncytial blastoderm embryos of Drosophila melanogaster during the transition from prophase to metaphase, by three-dimensional optical sectioning microscopy. Time-lapse, three-dimensional data recorded in living embryos revealed that congress...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection affects about 1 to 2 million individuals, the majority living in West Africa, Europe, and India. As for HIV-1, new strategies for the prevention of HIV-2 infection are needed. Our aim was to produce new vaccine immunogens that elicit the production of broadly reactive HIV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Native and truncated envelope protei...

Chromosomes are known to enhance spindle microtubule assembly in grasshopper spermatocytes, which suggested to us that chromosomes might play an essential role in the initiation of spindle formation. Chromosomes might, for example, activate other spindle components such as centrosomes and tubulin subunits upon the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. We tested this possibility in living grasshopp...

At the end of mitosis, the nuclear lamins assemble to form the nuclear lamina during nuclear envelope formation in daughter cells. We have fused Aand B-type nuclear lamins to the green fluorescent protein to study this process in living cells. The results reveal that the Aand B-type lamins exhibit different pathways of assembly. In the early stages of mitosis, both lamins are distributed throug...

Understanding the protein composition of the inner nuclear membrane (INM) is fundamental to elucidating its role in normal nuclear function and in disease; however, few tools exist to examine the INM in living cells, and the INM-specific proteome remains poorly characterized. Here, we adapted split green fluorescent protein (split-GFP) to systematically localize known and predicted integral mem...

A growing literature has been exploring the implications of reconciling psychoanalytic understandings of human behavior with the research findings of neuroscience. This essay proposes a new linking perspective--neurodarwinian psychoanalysis--as a way to revise the predominantly disembodied nature of existing analytic theory by grounding it in the biological realities of human nature, developmen...

synthetic envelopes have been found to be highly effective filters for numerous applications and are currently replacing gravel envelopes. the growth of petrochemical and textile industries in iran offers the possibility of manufacturing these products domestically. the objective of this study was to assess the mineral clogging potential of two non-woven synthetic envelopes (pre-wrapped loose m...