The anesthetic mixture of medetomidine (MED), midazolam (MID) and butorphanol (BUT) produced anesthetic duration of around 40 minutes (min) in ICR mice. We reported that this anesthetic mixture produced almost the same anesthetic effects in both male and female BALB/c and C57BL/6J strains. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of drugs has been widely used in mice. However, various injectable rou...

This study compared 4 local anesthetics, 1% lidocaine, 1% lidocaine with sodium bicarbonate, 2% chloroprocaine, and 0.5% bupivacaine, in a double-blinded manner for pain on intradermal injection and pain during subsequent intravenous (IV) cannulation with an 18-gauge catheter. The subjects rated their pain, using 100-mm visual analog scales, related to the local injection itself and again after...

PURPOSE To present a case of preoperative subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) as a complication of trans-cricothyroid membrane (TCM) injection of lidocaine for awake intubation. CLINICAL FEATURES A 48-yr-old man with cervical myelopathy was scheduled for elective cervical discectomy. Airway topical anesthesia consisted of lidocaine pledgets and TCM injection. After successful awake fibreoptic intuba...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of epinephrine (Epi) or felypressin (Fely) contained in dental local anesthetics on myocardial oxygen balance. Methods: Male Japan White tracheotomized rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane. Three doses of 0.18, 0.36, and 0.72 ml of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride containing 1: 80,000 Epi or 3% prilocaine hydrochloride containing 0.03 IU/...

UNLABELLED The use of local anesthesia with epinephrine and no tourniquet/no sedation is becoming an excellent alternative for hand surgeries. This wide-awake approach is the most commonly used method of anesthesia for carpal tunnel release in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to provide a video detailing this technique for trapeziectomy for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. ELECTRO...

The mechanisms of epidural-associated fever remain incompletely understood [1-3]. We propose that action of local anesthetic on TPRV1. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor can explain this effect and explain mechanism of burning sensation on local anesthetic injected subcutaneously or intram...

Adult rats were given a single retrobulbar injection of 50 microliters of 2.0% mepivacaine and the lateral rectus muscles were examined ultrastructurally at intervals from 15 min to 30 days post-injection. There were three purposes of the study: (1) to determine the extent of muscle fiber damage caused by the anesthetic; (2) to document the subsequent course of muscle fiber regeneration; and (3...