Topical drug dosage forms such as ointments and creams can be easily removed through wetting, movement and contact. The new bioadhesive formulations with enhanced local anesthetic effects are needed for topical administration. The adhesive capacity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was determined by measuring the maximum detachment force and the adhesion work with an auto peeling test...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical pain during local anesthetic injection using such intra-oral device. STUDY DESIGN A comparative split-mouth clinical study to evaluate clinical pain was conducted among the subjects who required bilateral local anesthetic intra-oral injections. RESULTS A total of 99 subjects participated in the study out of which 39 were female. A total of 256 local anest...

BACKGROUND While overdose is a common cause of mortality among opioid injectors worldwide, little information exists on opioid overdoses or how context may influence overdose risk in Russia. This study sought to uncover social and structural aspects contributing to fatal overdose risk in St. Petersburg and assess prevention intervention feasibility. METHODS Twenty-one key informant interviews...

Local anesthetic toxicity remains a clinical concern when performing regional anesthesia. Because signs and symptoms of toxicity may not appear for 20 to 30 minutes after administration of local anesthetic, vigilance is crucial. When signs and symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity appear, traditional standards mandate resuscitative measures, including maintenance of oxygenation, elimination of ...

Fish display robust neuroendocrine and physiologic stress responses to noxious stimuli. Many anesthetic, sedative, or analgesic drugs used in other vertebrates reduce stress in fi sh, decrease handling trauma, minimize movement and physiologic changes in response to nociceptive stimuli, and can be used for euthanasia. But extrapolating from limited published anesthetic and sedative data to all ...

Four cases of cauda equina syndrome occurring after continuous spinal anesthesia are reported. In all four cases, there was evidence of a focal sensory block and, to achieve adequate analgesia, a dose of local anesthetic was given that was greater than that usually administered with a single-injection technique. We postulate that the combination of maldistribution and a relatively high dose of ...

To measure the depth of the local anesthetic binding site within the neuronal membrane, biotin-containing polyethylene glycols having zero, three, and six ethylene glycol subunits were added to the p-amino termini of tetracaine and procaine, thereby interposing a pharmacologically inert "spacer" molecule between the local anesthetic and the biotin moiety. These biotinyl-local anesthetic derivat...