Detecting variation in the evolutionary process along chromosomes is increasingly important as whole-genome data become more widely available. For example, factors such as incomplete lineage sorting, horizontal gene transfer, and chromosomal inversion are expected to result in changes in the underlying gene trees along a chromosome, while changes in selective pressure and mutational rates for d...

Physical knots and links are one-dimensional submanifolds of R with fixed length and thickness. We show that isotopy classes in this category can differ from those of classical knot and link theory. In particular we exhibit a Gordian Split Link, a two component link that is split in the classical theory but cannot be split with a physical isotopy.

In this paper we present alternate form of Radix-4/8 and split radix FFT’s based on DIF (decimation in frequency) version and discuss their implementation issues that further reduces the arithmetic complexity of power-of-two discrete Fourier Transform. This is achieved with circular shift operation on a subset of the output samples resulting from the decomposition in these FFT algorithms and a ...

Groups that are often treated separately in studies of earnings inequality -women and minorities -are included in a general decomposition of sources of such disparity among fulltimelfull-year labor force participants. In order to consider several possible sources of earnings inequality, a new decomposition is developed that allows semilog earnings models to be decomposed into inequality factors...

We study two variants of seeded randomness extractors. The first one, as studied by Goldreich et al. [8], is seeded extractors that can be computed by AC circuits. The second one, as introduced by Bogdanov and Guo [3], is (strong) extractor families that consist of sparse transformations, i.e., functions that have a small number of overall input-output dependencies (called sparse extractor fami...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggest that error augmentation may be used as a strategy to achieve longer-term changes in gait deficits after stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine whether longer-term improvements in step length asymmetry could be achieved with repeated split-belt treadmill walking practice using an error augmentation strategy. METHODS 13 persons with ...

Given a set S of n points in k-dimensional space, and an L t metric, the dynamic closest pair problem is deened as follows: nd a closest pair of S after each update of S (the insertion or the deletion of a point). For xed dimension k and xed metric L t , we give a data structure of size O(n) that maintains a closest pair of S in O(log n) time per insertion and deletion. The running time of algo...

Population parameters were estimated for goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus, Cuvier, 1829) as a small size and abundant species in the Persian Gulf ecosystem. A method of Tropfish R package based on length frequencies analysis was used. A total of 520 fish samples were taken monthly from landing stations in the coastal area of Iranian Waters in the Persian Gulf (Bushehr coasts) from January 2017 to D...

Boxicity of a graph G(V, E) is the minimum integer k such that G can be represented as the intersection graph of axis parallel boxes in Rk. Cubicity is a variant of boxicity, where the axis parallel boxes in the intersection representation are restricted to be of unit length sides. Deciding whether boxicity (resp. cubicity) of a graph is at most k is NP-hard, even for k = 2 or 3. Computing thes...

We construct pseudorandom generators with improved seed length for several classes of tests. First we consider the class of read-once polynomials over GF(2) in m variables. For error ε we obtain seed length Õ(log(m/ε)) log(1/ε), where Õ hides lower-order terms. This is optimal up to the factor Õ(log(1/ε)). The previous best seed length was polylogarithmic in m and 1/ε. Second we consider produc...