BACKGROUND Social capital research has consistently shown positive associations between generalised trust and health outcomes over 2 decades. Longitudinal studies attempting to test causal relationships further support the theory that trust is an independent predictor of health. However, as the reverse causality hypothesis has yet to be empirically tested, a knowledge gap remains. The aim of th...

....................................................................................................... XVIII DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY .................................................................... XX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... XXI 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................

In a longitudinal study at North Carolina State University, a cohort of students took five chemical engineering courses taught by the same instructor in five consecutive semesters. The course instruction made extensive use of active and cooperative learning and a variety of other techniques designed to address a broad spectrum of learning styles. Previous reports on the study summarized the ins...

The aim of this study was to investigate if children's early responsiveness toward social partners is developmentally related to their growing concept of self, as reflected in their mirror self-recognition (MSR) and delayed self-recognition (DSR). Thus, a longitudinal study assessed infants' responsiveness (e.g., smiling, gaze) toward social partners during the still-face (SF) task and a social...

The present study is concerned with the variational principle and plane wave propagation in double porous thermoelastic infinite medium. Lord-Shulman theory [2] of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time has been used to investigate the problem. It is found that for two dimensional model, there exists four coupled longitudinal waves namely longitudinal wave (P), longitudinal thermal wave (T),...

Complicated grief reactions are relatively common following spousal bereavement. Old age spousal loss qualifies as a possible traumatic stressor, however, PTSD as a possible complication of the loss has rarely been explored in this population. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of PTSD in elderly bereaved people across the first 18 months of bereavement. Additionally, risk factors fo...

longitudinal  study  plays  an  important  role  in  the  epidemiological,  clinical,  and  social  science studies. in these kinds of studies, every individual is observed frequently during a period of time. the statistical analysis of longitudinal presents special opportunities  and challenges. the repeated outcomes for one individual tend to be correlated among themselves also one of the pro...

Heterogamous marriages, in which partners have dissimilar attributes (e.g. by socio-economic status or ethnicity), are often at elevated risk of dissolution. We investigated the influences of heterogamy by religion and area of residence on risk of marital dissolution in Northern Ireland, a country with a history of conflict and residential segregation along Catholic-Protestant lines. We expecte...