Graphene has extremely low mass density and high mechanical strength, and key qualities for efficient wide-frequency-response electrostatic audio speaker design. Low mass ensures good high frequency response, while high strength allows for relatively large free-standing diaphragms necessary for effective low frequency response. Here, we report on construction and testing of a miniaturized graph...

One of the limitations of linear adaptive echo cancellers is nonlinearities which are generated mainly in the loudspeaker. The complete acoustic channel can be modelled as a nonlinear system convolved with a linear dispersive echo channel. Two new acoustic echo canceller models are developed to improve nonlinear performance. The first model consists of a time-delay feedforward neural network (T...

Non-verbal elicitation techniques may be used in addition to verbal methods in order to obtain meaningful subjective responses about the spatial attributes of reproduced sound. By analysing results from a preliminary graphical investigation, the provision of such responses has been appraised and practical considerations highlighted. Data analysis indicates that non-verbal responses uphold conve...

A new auralization technique is presented for the objective and subjective assessment of loudspeakers in the large signal domain. On the basis of loudspeaker modeling and the linear, nonlinear and thermal parameters measured on a particular loudspeaker the instantaneous state variables (e.g. sound pressure output, displacement, temperature, ...) are calculated in real time for any input signal ...

Methods of loudspeaker response equalization using digital filters are compared. In addition to generally known methods and techniques a recently introduced new principle, based on warped filters, is described. Different equalization methods are compared from the points of view of equalization error both objectively and subjectively, computational efficiency, as well as robustness and precision...

This paper considers from a theoretical stance the fundamental requirements of a programmable polar response, digital loudspeaker array, or smart digital loudspeaker array (SDLA), which consists of either one-dimensional or a two-dimensional array of micro radiating elements. The principal problem addressed here is the design of a set of digital filters which together with a uniform array of sm...

1 This paper presents several kinds of structures of ironless loudspeaker motors. The proposed devices 2 go from simple structures, in terms of manufacturing process, to structures in which the magnet rings 3 can be stacked, with different magnetization directions or values. The structures are studied and compared 4 according to their created induction level and uniformity across the coil displ...

This paper describes a method for implementing immersive audio rendering filters for single or multiple listeners and loudspeakers. In particular, the paper is focused on the case of single or two listeners with different loudspeaker arrays to determine the weighting vectors for the necessary FIR and IIR filters using the LMS (least-mean-squares) adaptive inverse algorithm. It describes transfo...

Broadband noise with profound low-frequency profile is prevalent and difficult to be controlled mechanically. This study demonstrates effective broadband sound absorption by reducing the mechanical reactance of a loudspeaker using a shunt circuit through electro-mechanical coupling, which induces reactance with different signs from that of loudspeaker. An RLC shunt circuit is connected to the m...

Stereo sound reproduction relies upon the creation of an illusion. Ideally the two loudspeakers and the room disappear, leaving only a phantom acoustic scene to be listened to. The polar frequency response of a loudspeaker determines the angular distribution of room reflections and their spectral content. The placement of the loudspeakers relative to the room surfaces determines the initial del...