The GEANT4 code offers an extensive set of hadronic models for various projectiles and energy ranges. These models include theoretical, parameterized and, for low energy neutrons, data driven models. Theoretical or semiempirical models sometimes cannot reproduce experimental data at low energies (<100MeV), especially for low Z elements, and therefore recent GEANT4 developments included a new pa...

PURPOSE To identify which physical properties of nanoparticles are correlated with the survival fraction of cells exposed in vitro to low-energy protons in combination with nanoparticles. METHODS The Geant4 simulation toolkit (version 10.3) was used to model nanoparticles of different sizes (5-50 nm) and materials (Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Au, Pt), with or without an organic capping ensuring biocompat...

We introduce a new implementation of the Liège cascade INCL4.2 and of the evaporation/fission code ABLA v3 in Geant4. INCL treats the cascade of hadron, deuterium, tritium, and helium projectiles of energies up to 3 GeV, while ABLA, based on evaporation and fission, provides a treatment of the excited nucleus produced at the end of the cascade. Details of the implementation of INCL and ABLA in ...

The Hadron Kinetic Model is part of the Geant4 Toolkit; it covers the simulation of hadronic interactions in the intermediate energy range. Its role in the context of Geant4 hadronic models is outlined with emphasis on the physics content, and its Object Oriented design is illustrated.

We have recently developed an atomistic model of the B-DNA configuration, up to the 30-nm chromatin fiber. This model is intended to be used in Monte Carlo simulations of the DNA-radiation interaction, specifically in conjunction with the Geant4-DNA extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. In this work, 11449 parallel chromatin fibers have been arranged within a cube mimicking a cell nucleu...

Geant4 is a toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for geometry, tracking, detector response, run, event and track management, visualization and user interfaces. Geant4 also has an abundant set of physics models that handle the diverse interactions of particles with matter across a wide energy range. However, there are als...

Although electrons having enough energy to ionize or electronically excite DNA have long been known to cause strand breaks (i.e., bond cleavages), only recently has it been suggested that even lower-energy electrons (most recently 1 eV and below) can also damage DNA. The findings of the present work suggest that, while DNA bases can attach electrons having kinetic energies in the 1 eV range and...