Abstract While the ongoing fourth industrial revolution continues to be a major driver behind wireless communication technologies, some environments are so prohibitive that even state-of-the-art solutions can barely achieve ubiquitous connectivity (if at all). For example, in sites with large metal constructions (such as petrochemical plants), highly localized and time-varying changes link qual...

Internet of Things (IoT) offers reliable and seamless communication for the heterogeneous dynamic lowpower lossy network (LLNs). To perform effective routing in IoT communication, LLN Routing Protocol (RPL) is developed tiny nodes to establish connection by using deflaut objective functions: OF0, MRHOF, which resources are constraints like battery power, computation capacity, memory link impact...

Recently, the internet of things (IoT) has become an important concept which changed vision Internet with appearance IPv6 over low power and lossy networks (6LoWPAN). However, these 6LoWPANs have many drawbacks because use devices limited resources; therefore, suitable protocols such as Routing Protocol for (RPL) were developed, one RPL's main components is trickle timer algorithm, used to cont...

Energy is an important factor that must be considered by multi-hop wireless mesh routing protocols because most sensors are powered by batteries with a limited capacity. We focus on the industry-standard RPL (Routing Protocol over Low-power and lossy networks) routing protocol that must find energy-efficient paths in low-power and lossy networks. However, the existing RPL objective functions ro...