OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of apical negative pressure (ANP), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and needle irrigation (NI) as final irrigation activation techniques for smear layer removal in curved root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesiobuccal root canals of 80 freshly extracted maxillary first molars with curvatures ranging ...

Extra-articular extravasation of irrigation fluid is relatively common around entry incisions and is usually limited to the subcutaneous tissue. Very rarely, extravasation occurs above the knee, in the thigh and even up into the pelvis. We are reporting the second case of irrigation fluid extravasation during a knee arthroscopy, which spread up to the thigh, groin and perineum during anterior c...

We compared sap-flux-scaled, mean, canopy stomatal conductance (GS) between Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Sweden and Pinus taeda (L.) in North Carolina, both growing on nutritionally poor soils. Stomatal conductance of Picea abies was approximately half that of Pinus taeda and the sensitivity of GS in Picea abies to vapor pressure deficit (D) was lower than in Pinus taeda. Optimal fertilization in...

This paper explains how to build an intelligent irrigation system using Arduino (a microcontroller) and many devices (humidity, temperature, pressure and water flow sensors). Our irrigation system combines a precise method to determine water balance of soils with an automatic response to water content oscillations. Thus, it is an example of how we can perform better irrigation systems by increa...

In this experiment (in the absences of disease pressure) the application of Mycostop had no effect on yield or quality of fruit harvested. Nutrient and irrigation application based on the amount of solar radiation received by the crop reduced the amount of nutrient used without reducing yield or quality. Fruit quality was higher with lower amounts of irrigation but yield increased with increase...

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether urosepsis is related to irrigation pressure of ureteroscopy (URS) and evaluate the prognostic value of adrenomedullin (ADM) and atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) in URS-induced uroseptic patients. From July 2008 to October 2013, we enrolled 332 patients with untreated unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The UUO group included ...

experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in kermanshah to shed lights on economic analysis of deficit irrigation and integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizer son cultivation of medicinal plant borage (borago officinalis l). irrigation tritments include: a) 30% less water than crop requires invegetative, b) inreprodu...

Droplet shear stress is considered as an important indicator that reflects soil erosion in sprinkler irrigation more accurately than kinetic energy, and the effect of droplet impact angle on cannot be ignored. In this study, radial distribution angles, velocities, stresses were investigated using a two-dimensional video disdrometer with three types low-pressure (Nelson D3000, R3000, Komet KPT) ...

Aim of study: To investigate how the cross section a drip-irrigation tape affects local head loss.Area The work was carried out in laboratory Irrigation hydraulics, College Water Conservancy and Environment, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei province.Material methods: Tapes with six different wall thicknesses were studied experimentally to determine relationship between cross-section defo...