This paper brings into focus a link between the investment and nancing decisions of a rm which has an access to costly debt nancing. Our analysis shows that lump-sum debt issuance costs play a prominent role in a determination of the optimal investment strategy. Faced with larger lump-sum debt issuance costs, a rm will optimally set up a higher-scale investment project in order to "compensate" ...

Micropolar plasticity provides the capability to carry out post-failure simulations of geo-structures due to microstructural considerations and embedded length scale in its formulation. An essential part of the numerical implementation of a micropolar plasticity model is the integration of the rate constitutive equations. Efficiency and robustness of the implementation hinge on the type of int...

in many flood control projects, watershed management and water resources development, calculation of the river flow discharge is of the paramount importance which requires a comprehensive hydrological modeling of the region of interest. in this respect, lack of the existence of hydrometric and meteorology measuring stations in most of watersheds, has caused numerous problems in development and ...

Abstract Aim of this work is to discuss and verify the ability of a lumped kinetic model of methyl-esters to simulate the oxidation and pyrolysis of mixtures of these components with alcohol fuels. The comparisons between recent experimental data and model predictions further confirm the validity of the kinetic model and the promising perspective of the lumped approach. The results here present...

This paper focuses on the evaluation of bi-axial shear demand for reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column joints assuming: (i) SPEAR frame as a benchmark; and (ii) different structural analysis methods which share same seismic input. A numerical model was implemented using lumped plasticity. The were modeled rigid offsets beams columns. at joint is evaluated post-process beam’s nodal moment. discu...