Serotonergic systems play important roles in modulating stress-induced arousal and vigilance behaviours. The pond snail, Lymnaea, shows multiple defensive vigilance behaviours in response to the stress associated with predator detection. Predator detection elicited by crayfish effluent (CE), increases the time to re-emerge from the shell and enhances the shadow withdrawal response. More importa...

The lymneid snail Lymnaea bogotensis Pilsbry 1935 is synonymized with L. cousini Jousseaume 1887, based on morphological comparisons of the reproductive systems. The shell, renal tube, and reproductive system are described and illustrated from specimens collected in the type locality and the municipality of Paipa, Colombia. Bibliographical records reveal L. columella to be the commonest lymneid...

Adenophora palustris Kom. (Campanulaceae) is a perennial herb that inhabits small wetland areas in hilly regions. Adenophora palustris is widely distributed in East Asia, including eastern Hong et al., 2011). However, only six extant populations are known in Japan—five in western Japan and one in central Japan. Although approximately 800 individuals grow in the largest population, which is loca...

Spilanthus acemella Murr. also known as toothache plant is investigated for its preliminary phytochemical analysis and molluscicidal activity. The water extract found maximum extractive value (3.730%) than other solvents used. All the tested metabolites were qualitatively present in ethanolic extract and aqueous extract. Different concentrations of plant parts (root stem, leaf) were used for mo...

Survivability under carbon-starvation conditions was investigated in four species of purple phototrophic bacteria: Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Rubrivivax gelatinosus. All these test organisms survived longer in the light than in the dark. ATP levels in the cultures were maintained in the light, which indicated that survivability was supported ...

The ppc gene, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), from Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7 was cloned and sequenced. Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start site 42 bp upstream of the ppc initiation codon. An R. palustris No. 7 PEPC-deficient strain showed a slower doubling time compared with the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in...

Six strains were isolated from Lake Akşehir (Konya-Turkey) and identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris on the basis of physiological and morphological characteristics. The strains grew phototrophically on a variety of aromatic compounds (under illuminated anaerobic conditions), namely, benzoate, hippurate, benzyl alcohol, 2-amino benzoic acid, phloroglucinol, phenylacetic acid, catechol, pyrid...

Three different types of anaerobic fermentations were used for the mass production of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris as diet for aquaculture. The optimum agitation speed and malate concentration were 300 r.p.m. and 0.2% in the modified MYC medium, respectively. In batch fermentations of R. palustris, the maximum number of viable cells was 1.1×10 c.f.u. ml with 2.65 g l ...