In this paper the dynamic analysis of a macro–micro parallel manipulator is studied in detail. The manipulator architecture is a simplified planar version adopted from the structure of the Large Adaptive Reflector (LAR), the Canadian design of next-generation giant radio telescopes. In this structure it is proposed to use two parallel redundant manipulators at the macro and micro level, both ac...

In this study, in the removal of macro (P, S, Na, K, Ca, Mg) and micro (Sb, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Se, Ag, Zn) elements in the effluent of Elazig Wastewater Treatment Plant, the efficiency of Lemna minor L. and Lemna gibba L. has been studied comparatively. For this aim, fronds of these plants have been adapted to the effluent of the treatment plant that feeds pilot scale reactors. The...

The work reported here combines elements of electromechanics, power electronics and applied control primarily in the analysis, design and control of energy conversion systems. The principal applications focus on systems involving: macro-scale rotating machinery; micro-scale (MEMS) sensors, actuators and energy converters; and flexible structures. In these applications, the dual use of electrome...

The requirements engineering (RE) process is a decision-rich complex problem solving activity. This paper examines the elements of organization-oriented macro decisions as well as process-oriented micro decisions in the RE process and illustrates how to integrate classical decision-making models with RE process models. This integration helps in formulating a common vocabulary and model to impro...

The effects of pH and chloride concentration on the electrochemical corrosion of copper in aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) media were studied at the micro scale using a microcapillary droplet cell and at the macro scale using a conventional large scale cell. Using an experimental design strategy, electrochemical response surface models of copper versus pH and NaCl concentration were constructed ...

Poliomyelitis, an acute viral infectious disease caused by poliovirus, still remains a public health problem in developing countries. Despite the global effort to eradicate polio, continuing the polio immunization with a potent and safe vaccine is essential. For accurate vaccine evaluation, three types of cell lines including Hela, Hep2C and Vero were evaluated and compared using two methods of...

elements for normal bodily maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Minerals that are required in relatively large amounts are called major or macro elements. Those needed in small amounts are classified as micro, minor, or trace minerals. These terms, however, have no relationship to the metabolic importance of a mineral in the diet. A trace mineral can be as essential to the health and performa...

Two samples, water extract and blended whole leaves, of fresh Kalanchoe integra leaves (Crassulaceae), a traditional antihypertensive medicine used in Ghana, were analyzed with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). Analysis revealed 12 macro and 26 micro elements in both extracts. Further quantitative assessment of the results for amounts of elements that are pharmacologica...

To decrease total system cost and improve efficiency, in future mobile communication systems, we can implement a structure of multiple cells covering an area. This is often referred to as a Hierarchical Cell Structure, HCS. We compare five methods of sharing the scarce radio resources in a two layer HCS: I) DS-CDMA in macro cells and TDMA in micro cells, II) TDMA in macro cells and DS-CDMA in m...

the essential nutrients in the pharmacological plants play a significant role in the remedy of illnesses but, these elements at high levels; can also be dangerous and toxic. the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of macro (mg, ca, p, and k) and micro (cu, zn, fe and mn) essential elements in seven indigenous pharmacological plants growing in fars province, southern iran. they ...