Complex macro-social phenomena can arise from simple micro-level behavior without any global coordination (e.g. racial segregation in neighborhoods can occur simply from individuals wanting to avoid being in the minority even in a population that prefers diversity [6]). Such simple local rules and assumptions are only rarely empirically grounded because they require studying a given social syst...

Al-Cu-Mn is one of typical heat-treatable cast alloys with high strength which has been widely used in aerospace and automobile industries. The complete manufacturing process for AlCu-Mn components includes low pressure die casting, T6 heat treatment and machining. It has been found that the property in former process has been transferred to the sequent step with considerable effect. In this pa...

A new method has been developed for the inspection of internal quality of cast products. The ultrasonic measurement technique “HD scan” for the evaluation of internal quality defects in the cast product sample needs a less surface processing in comparison to the etching procedure. The clean and safe technology offers threedimensional views into the sample, providing higher representative inform...

The reproductive biology of the only known intact species flock of large cyprinids, the 16 Labeobarbus species of Lake Tana (Ethiopia), has been extensively studied for the past two decades. Seven species of Labeobarbus are known to migrate >50 km upstream into tributary rivers for spawning during the rainy season (July to October), whereas eight other species are absent from these rivers and p...

In this paper we analyze the evolution of solidarity relations between dissimilar actors by means of a cellular automaton framework. We assume that actors face two types of decisions in the course of an iterated game. First, actors’ solidarity decisions constitute mutual support relations between neighbors. Second, by migrating in a two dimensional world, actors select between potential solidar...

Focusing on micro-level processes of residential segregation, this analysis combines data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with contextual information from three censuses and several other sources to examine patterns of residential mobility between neighborhoods populated by different combinations of racial and ethnic groups. We find that despite the emergence of multiethnic neighborhood...

Interpersonal violence has become one of the main public health issues in Latin American cities. This article presents a framework for sociological interpretation that operates on three levels, expressed in the factors that originate, foment, or facilitate violence. Macro-social factors include: social inequality due to the increase in wealth versus poverty; the paradox of more schooling with f...

Recent high-resolution studies of kinetochore structure have transformed the way researchers think about this crucial macro-molecular complex, which is essential for ensuring chromosome segregation occurs faithfully during cell division. Kinetochores mediate the interaction between chromosomes and the plus-ends of dynamic spindle microtubules and control the timing of anaphase onset by regulati...

The goal of this paper is to reflect on how neural ensembles affect one another, that is, to characterize their causal influences. The work is based on the tenets that function emerges at several levels of organization between microand macro-scale and unfolds on multiple time scales. Such dynamical context creates the condition for complexity and blurs the classical Shannonian definition of tra...