Significant progress has been achieved in the research on sodium intercalation compounds as positive electrode materials for Na-ion batteries. This paper presents an overview of the breakthroughs in the past decade for developing high energy and high power cathode materials. Two major classes, layered oxides and polyanion compounds, are covered. Their electrochemical performance and the related...

The photochemistry of 32 neutral and 21 ion species in Triton's atmosphere is considered. Parent species N2, CH4, and CO (with a mixing ratio of 3 x 10(-4) in our basic model) sublime from the ice with rates of 40, 208, and 0.3 g/cm2/b.y., respectively. Chemistry below 50 km is driven mostly by photolysis of methane by the solar and interstellar medium Lyman-alpha photons, producing hydrocarbon...

Abstract. We describe the characterization and field deployment of chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) using a recently developed focusing ion-molecule reactor (FIMR) ammonium–water cluster (NH4+⋅H2O) as reagent ion (denoted NH4+ CIMS). show that NH4+⋅H2O is highly versatile for measurements wide range oxygenated organic compounds. The major product with produced via ligand-switching r...

The Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, v. v. i. (ICPF) is one of six institutes constituting the Section of Chemical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR). In cooperation with several Czech universities, the Institute serves as a centre for fundamental research in the fields of chemical, biochemical, catalytic and environmental engineering, and it...

Electrospray ionization has enabled the establishment of a new area of ion chemistry research based on the study of the reactions of high-mass multiply charged ions with ions of opposite polarity. The multiple-charging phenomenon associated with electrospray makes possible the generation of multiply charged reactant ions that yield charged products as a result of partial neutralization due to i...

Abstract Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have monopolized energy storage markets in modern society. The reliable operation of LIBs at cold condition (<0°C), nevertheless, is inevitably hampered by the sluggish kinetics and parasite reactions, which falls behind increasing demands for portable electronics electric vehicles. electrolyte controls both Li + transport interfacial reaction, dictating...

Context. Characterizing temperate (200–1000 K) super-Earth atmospheres is one of the future challenges in exoplanetary science. One major difficulties comes from ubiquity aerosols these objects, which complicates spectroscopic analyses. The knowledge gained on Solar System then crucial to better understand chemical processes exoplanet atmospheres. Aims. This work focuses impact ion chemistry mo...