The decline of many amphibian populations is associated with pesticides, but for most pesticides we know little about their toxicity to amphibians. Malathion is a classic example; it is sprayed over aquatic habitats to control mosquitoes that carry malaria and the West Nile virus, yet we know little about its effect on amphibians. I examined the survival of six species of tadpoles (wood frogs, ...

Trace residues of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are associated with fruits and vegetables that have been sprayed with those OP pesticides to guard against insect pests. Human dietary exposure to these OP pesticides is commonly estimated by measuring the amount of OP metabolites in urine, assuming a stoichiometric relationship between a metabolite and its parent insecticide. Dialkylphosphates...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Updating information on response (susceptible / resistant status) of vectors to the insecticides in use is essential to formulate and introduce appropriate resistance management strategy. Therefore, a study was undertaken in the 10 southern districts of Odisha State, which are endemic for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to determine the insecticide susceptibility/ resista...

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against oxidative damage. Malathion an organophosphate insecticide and can induce production reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause intracellular stress. The present study was undertaken to examine effects malathion on SODs activity their transcriptional levels in Oxya chinensis (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). results showed that total SO...

Resistance in a dual malathionand permethrin-resistant head louse strain (BR-HL) was studied. BR-HL was 3.6and 3.7-fold more resistant to malathion and permethrin, respectively, compared to insecticide-susceptible EC-HL. S,S,S-Tributylphosphorotrithioate synergized malathion toxicity by 2.1-fold but not permethrin toxicity in BR-HL. Piperonyl butoxide did not synergize malathion or permethrin t...

We report the resistance to 12 insecticides of specimens of Anopheles sacharovi, both in laboratory cultures and those collected in the malarious areas of Adana, Adiyaman, Antalya, Aydin, and Muğla in southern Turkey. Mortality was higher 24 h after exposure than immediately after exposure but was unaffected by temperature (24 degrees C or 29 degrees C) or the position of the test kit (horizont...

The effect of malathion, an organophosphorus insecticide on tissue levels of acetylcholinesterase (Ache), phosphomonoesterases and transaminases have been studied in presence of different levels of dietary proteins. Adult male albino rats weighing 150-200 gms were given 5%, 10% and 20% protein diets containing 400 mg malathion (dust) 5% conc./kg feed for 30 days. Its effect was evaluated in liv...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Phlebotomus argentipes is the vector for visceral leishmaniasis in India. The development of resistance in kala-azar vector to DDT has been reported from various parts of India. The main objective of this study was to generate information on insecticides susceptibility status of P. argentipes to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin in different parts in three states of India....

Malathion is an organophosphorus insecticide, which is often sprayed to control mosquitoes. When applied to aquatic habitats, malathion can also influence the embryogenesis of non-target organisms such as frogs and fish. We modified the frog embryo teratogen assay in Xenopus (FETAX), a standard toxicological assay, into an investigative undergraduate laboratory exercise. This exercise provided ...

introduction: toxic effects of pesticides are commonly associated with reactive oxygen species damage and pentoxifylline a phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug well known for antioxidant properties. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidative damages following a subacute exposure to malathion, an organophosphorus insecticide and pentoxifylline's ability to counteract these eff...