Abstract Transparency is widespread in nature, ranging from transparent insect wings to ocular tissues that enable you read this text, and marine vertebrates. And yet, cells tissue models biology are usually strongly light scattering optically opaque, precluding deep optical microscopy. Here we describe the directed evolution of cultured mammalian toward increased transparency. We find mutation...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health problem. The development of a safe and effective vaccinewould help infection prevention. Previous hepatitis B vaccine production involved the isolation of the noninfectious particle from chronic HBV carriers. DNA recombinant technology has been used for vaccineproduction without having been contaminated with blood-born infectious ag...