T he marrow is currently well defi ned as the seedbed of our blood, producing 200 billion red cells, 10 billion white cells, and 400 billion platelets on a daily basis. Yet, the role of the marrow was unknown in antiquity and only fi rst experimentally defi ned during the latter 19th century. Hippocrates (460–375 bc), who used observation and reasoning rather than mysticism to reach his conclus...

This discussion describes the development of tobacco smoking in Africa, the increase in consumption, and how tobacco use is promoted. It also presents evidence to show that smoking-related diseases similar to those seen in Western nations may be emerging. Tobacco was first introduced into Africa in the 16th century by the Turks who brought it into Egypt. The smoking habits of today's African...

In recent years the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) have reversed several long-standing and controversial rules aimed at barring participation certain groups from its programs based on their gender, gender identity, and/or sexuality. 1988, BSA allowed adult women to serve in leadership roles. 2013, they lifted ban gay boys, followed by allowing adults roles 2015. 2017 opened membership transgender ...

H.G. Wells called the first decade of the twentieth century ‘a period of badly-strained optimism.’ Britain was just emerging from the Boer War. The war — which had gone badly at first — was partly about the rights of non-Boers in the Boer Republics but even more, perhaps, about the diamond fields of the Rand. When the British eventually won, Life magazine summed up international opinion: ‘a sma...

Distinguished by its difficulty, versatility, subtlety, and even profundity, modern physics stands among humanity’s great technical intellectual achievements. This success has been enabled continuous cultural entrepreneurship, giving rise to methods, mentalities, institutions that have together fostered both astonishing individual accomplishments an expansive powerful cooperative enterprise.Tha...

1. introduction one of the features of oral poetry in aryan-indo-european tribes is the usage of epithets in their epic and religious works. after conducting research in oral poetry in yugoslavia and comparing results with literary features of iliad and odyssey, researchers concluded that these epithets along with the name of characters are based on formulas. homer had learned these formulas fr...

How does psychanalytic theory inform legal theory? John Deigh's splendid book is a rare example of an attempt to bring the two together, by scholar who has made profound contributions both areas. If I shall raise some serious questions about nature rapprochement, let there be no doubt that think understanding psychoanalytic emotion major contribution, and think, as well, it offer illumination l...

Historically, policing in Rio de Janeiro has been shaped by the equation of racialized violence and masculinity. Attempts to reform police have paradoxically drawn on forms male that are centered rational professional use force “softer” practices, such as dialogue collaboration, symbolically coded feminine. The failure reflects cultural salience understandings masculinity around within police, ...

of the Manuscript Project: This monograph investigates some of the historical roots of the contemporary and complicated connections between Indian men, Indian women, and the state by examining multilayered links between gender and Indian/state relations from 1850-1925. In particular, the study explains the historical foundations for Indian women’s often-peripheral status in Indian/state relatio...

Southeast Asian men exhibit a series of distinct behaviours related to sexuality and reproductive health. Traditional circumcision practices, use of penis implants, the practice of 'dry' sex, and the avoidance of condom use or vasectomy are behaviours that can place men and their partners at risk of disease and dysfunctional sexual relationships. This paper examines these issues with particular...