OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of folic acid-fortified foods on the prevalence of neural tube defects in live newborns. METHODS Longitudinal study with newborns from the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2000 and 2006. Data analyzed were obtained from the Sistema Nacional de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (National Information System on Live Births). Neural tube defects were define...

The temperature data from 3 meteorological stations (Kashi, Ruoqiang, and Hotan) in the South of Tarim River Basin (STRB) during 1964-2011 were analyzed by Mann-Kendall test and correlation analysis. The results from Mann-Kendall test show that the surface temperature (ST), 850 hPa temperature (T850), and 700 hPa temperature (T700) exhibited upward trends, while 300 hPa temperature (T300) revea...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the characteristics of winter fog in terms of its trend and spatial-temporal variability over Indo-Gangetic plains. The study reveals that during last four and half decades (1971-2015), an alarming increasing trend in fog frequency has been observed during the winter months of December and January over the study area. The frequency of fog has increased by 118....

Creating innovative ways for the identification of trends is a very vital part atmospheric studies. Different climatic locations present their unique variations, calling dynamism trend analysis. In addition to widely adopted Mann–Kendall (MK) test, new Şen’s analysis (ITA) method has been applied analyze refractivity related (atmosphere pressure—AP, vapour pressure—VP, ambient temperature—T) an...

A hybrid algorithm of an enhanced version of Mann-Kendall trending and data analysis is proposed to solve the limitations of current technology in detecting and diagnosing cooling system refrigerant faults in general and refrigerant leakage specifically. A data abstraction mechanism is applied over feed of temperatures and power measurement to calculate and store only the significant informatio...

The Pre-Whitening (PW), the Trend-Free Pre-Whitening (TFPW) and the Modified Trend-Free PreWhitening (MTFPW) were developed to remove the influence of serial correlations on the MannKendall trend test. The main purpose of this study was to compare the performance of these algorithms for evaluating trends in auto-correlated series. The PW, TFPW and MTFPW were also applied to the monthly values o...

O presente trabalho objetivou compreender como a variabilidade temporal das médias anuais de temperatura do ar (Mínima, Média Compensada e Máxima) se comportaram ao longo 30 anos para o município Belo Horizonte. Foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas medidas tendência central, dispersão, classificação intensidade temperaturas cada ano (Ano Frio, Normal Quente) alteração pelo teste Mann-Kendall....

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trend precipitation in Kilkis region (Greece) at site and regional level various time scales. At level, was analyzed using three tests: 1) Mann-Kendall, 2) Sen’s T 3) Spearman while slope estimated estimator. a nonparametric spatial tests such as Regional Average Mann-Kendall (RAMK) BECD’s (Bootstrap Empirical Cumulative Distributions) were elabor...

The most important impacts of climate change relate to temperature and precipitation. Precipitation is particularly important, because changes in precipitation patterns may lead to floods or droughts in different areas. Also, precipitation is a major factor in agriculture and in recent years interest has increased in learning about precipitation variability for periods of months to annual and s...