Several cytoplasmic virulence factors of Candida albicans are altered in the presence of estrogen and this fact may imply the existence of a global virulence regulatory system in this organism. The response of virulence-associated surface markers to estrogen, however, has not been studied. We exploited flow cytometry methods for assessment of the iC3b receptor analog and mannoproteins on 2 clin...

The incorporation of radioactive orthophosphate into the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. 33P-labeled cell walls were extensively extracted with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Of the remaining insoluble radioactivity more than 90% could be released by laminarinase. This radioactive material stayed in the stacking gel during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but entere...

A selection of isogenic yeast strains (with deletion for genes involved in cell-wall synthesis) was used to evaluate their nutritional and immunostimulatory characteristics for gnotobiotically-grown Artemia. In the first set of experiments the nutritional value of isogenic yeast strains (effected in mannoproteins, glucan, chitin and cell-wall bound protein synthesis) for gnotobiotically-grown A...

The mannan chains of Kluyveromyces lactis mannoproteins are similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae except that they lack mannose phosphate and have terminal alpha1-->2-linked N-acetylglucosamine. The biosynthesis of these chains probably occurs in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, by analogy to S. cerevisiae. The sugar donors, GDP-mannose and UDP-GlcNAc, must first be transported from the...

The DAN/TIR genes encode nine cell wall mannoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which are expressed during anaerobiosis (DAN1, DAN2, DAN3, DAN4, TIR1, TIR2, TIR3, TIR4, and TIP1). Most are expressed within an hour of an anaerobic shift, but DAN2 and DAN3 are expressed after about 3 h. At the same time, CWP1 and CWP2, the genes encoding the major mannoproteins, are down-regulated, suggesting t...

Cell wall mannoproteins are largely responsible for the adhesive properties and immunomodulation ability of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The outer chain extension of yeast mannoproteins occurs in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus. GDP-mannose must first be transported from the cytosol into the Golgi lumen, where mannose is transferred to mannans. GDP is hydrolyzed by a GDPase, encoded b...

De-alcoholized wines are currently experiencing an increasing demand, but also being discussed very controversially at this time. The de-alcoholization process is usually carried out by distillation processes under vacuum. treatment accompanied a series of changes in terms analytical and sensory parameters the wines. Ethanol has complex far ranging influence on wine character. Even more, goes a...