Approximately 100,000 youths are currently incarcerated in the US, yet little is known whether such a penalty deters future crime or interrupts human capital formation in a way that increases the likelihood of later criminal behavior. This paper uses the incarceration tendency of randomly-assigned judges as an instrumental variable to estimate causal effects of juvenile incarceration on adult r...

In this paper, dynamic aspects of railway infrastructure operation and maintenance costs in Sweden are explored. Econometric cost functions are estimated to check the robustness of previous marginal cost estimates by introducing lags and leads of both dependent and independent variables. We find support for a forward-looking behaviour within the Swedish National Rail Administration (Banverket) ...

Suppose we have data from a bivariate model with parametric marginals. Efficient estimators of the parameters in the marginal models are generally not efficient in the bivariate model. In this article, we propose a method of improving these marginal estimators and demonstrate that the magnitude of this improvement can be as large as 100 percent in some cases.

We estimate the effect of changes in incarceration rates on changes in crime rates using state-level panel data. We develop an instrument for future changes in incarceration rates based on the theoretically predicted dynamic adjustment path of the aggregate incarceration rate in response to a shock to prison entrance or exit transition probabilities. Given that incarceration rates adjust to per...

Prostate Cancer Trial Data Testing Assumptions. We test the validity of the simplifying assumption of no association between the distributions of the PDGFR values X and Y and the other covariates Z in the PFS model, by regressing the individual preand posttreatment mean values on hemoglobin levels and increase in prostate antigen levels. No significant association was revealed by such analysis....

We obtain sufficient and/or necessary conditions for global/local error bounds for the distances to some sets appeared in set optimization studied with both the set approach and vector approach (sublevel sets, constraint sets, sets of all Pareto efficient/ Henig proper efficient/super efficient solutions, sets of solutions corresponding to one Pareto efficient/Henig proper efficient/super effic...

In probability theory, Bayesian statistics, artificial intelligence and database theory the minimum cross-entropy principle is often used to estimate a distribution with a given set P of marginal distributions under the proportionality assumption with respect to a given “prior” distribution q. Such an estimation problem admits a solution if and only if there exists an extension of P that is dom...

In this paper, we consider the problem of regression analysis for data which consist of a large number of independent small groups or clusters of correlated observations. Instead of using the standard mean regression, we regress various percentiles of each marginal response variable over its covariates to obtain a more accurate assessment of the covariate effect. Our inference procedures are de...