iii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________________ (Paul Kiparsky) Principal Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor ...

One way or another, loan words have to be grammatically integrated in the grammar of their recipient language. For verbs, Wohlgemuth (2009) finds that direct insertion, where native inflections are added directly onto borrowed stem, is cross-linguistically most frequent accommodation strategy. He concludes from this borrowing verbs not constrained by inflection. Based on a two-fold corpus study...

1. Introduction A key issue in research on vowel harmony is the role of positional privilege. Vowels in prominent positions are frequently granted a special status in their function as triggers or targets in harmony. Studies of harmony patterns in which linguistically-prominent positions display a unique triggering role have identified positional faithfulness as a source of privilege in strong ...

The markedness theory has been becoming an important tool to directly link formal (structural) linguistic data and properties across languages. Markedness is one of the criteria which used determine asymmetry grammatical constructions in languages being learnt. So far, typological analyses on non-verbal Minangkabaunese[1] have not particularly based yet. Therefore, analysis Minangkabaunese ling...

Constraints based on the sonority scale and other markedness hierarchies have been formalized in two different ways: as scale-partition constraint families, with a universally fixed ranking, and as stringency constraint families, where the constraints stand in subset relations and their ranking is not universal. We identify a new empirical domain where these two approaches make different predic...

In psycholinguistics, great efforts have been made to discover the nature of the mental representations and the cognitive operations and computations (Libben, 1996). Some psycholinguists (e. g., Kimball, 1973; Prideaux & Baker, 1986) suggest that language users employ a set of cognitive strategies (Bever, 1970; Kimball, 1973; Slobin, 1973; Slobin & Bever, 1982; Prideaux & Baker 1986) in languag...

T stitu E. S NIC Tam thei and A Deu Jeru brew sentences. The subject was either animate or inanimate, with conceptual gender denoted by the subject’s morphological structure. First-pass reading time was found to be longer for incongruent predicates than of congruent predicates but only if the predicate’s gender was morphologically marked. Furthermore, this effect was larger in the animate than ...