‎Let $D$ be an integral domain with quotient field $K$‎, ‎$E$ be a $K$-vector space‎, ‎$R = D propto E$ be the trivial extension of $D$ by $E$‎, ‎and $w$ be the so-called $w$-operation‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we show that‎ ‎$R$ is a $w$-FF ring if and only if $D$ is a $w$-FF domain; and‎ ‎in this case‎, ‎each $w$-flat $w$-ideal of $R$ is $w$-invertible.

Abstract We introduce the notion of a product fractal ideal ring using permutations finite sets and multiplication operation in ring. This generalizes concept an obtain corresponding quotient structure that partitions under certain conditions. prove isomorphism theorems illustrate involved with examples. These extend classical rings, providing broader viewpoint.

The concept of convex ordered hyperrings associated with a strongly regular relation was investigated in this study. In paper, we first studied hyperatom elements and then characterizations quotient rings. Is there θ on hyperring R for which R/θ is ring? This leads to an ring obtained from hyperring.

If V is an affine algebraic variety and G ⊂ AutV a finite group of automorphism of V , the quotient variety is an affine algebraic variety V/G with a quotient morphism V → X = V/G. A point of X is an orbit of G on V , and the coordinate ring k[X] is the ring of invariants k[V ] of the induced action of G on k[V ]. This chapter studies the simplest case of this construction, when V = C and G = Z...

For an arbitrary ring $R$, the zero-divisor graph of $R$, denoted by $Gamma (R)$, is an undirected simple graph that its vertices are all nonzero zero-divisors of $R$ in which any two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if either $xy=0$ or $yx=0$. It is well-known that for any commutative ring $R$, $Gamma (R) cong Gamma (T(R))$ where $T(R)$ is the (total) quotient ring of $R$. In this...