This relationship between the function of the muscles of mastication and craniofacial form was investigated in young adult monkeys by increasing the functional length of the elevator muscles of the mandible non-invasively by a bite-opening splint cemented to the maxillary dentition. The major adaptations to increased vertical dimensional were (1) marked superior and some anterior displacement o...

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation has not previously been reported as a complication of beta-blocker toxicity. We are reporting two cases of TMJ dislocation resulted from acute severe intoxication with pure propranolol (PPL) for the first time. Bilateral TMJ dislocation happened in two patients who were admitted to intensive care unit with diagnosis of severe acute PPL toxicity. Clinica...

Rodents are defined by their unique masticatory apparatus and are frequently separated into three nonmonophyletic groups--sciuromorphs, hystricomorphs, and myomorphs--based on the morphology of their masticatory muscles. Despite several comprehensive dissections in previous work, inconsistencies persist as to the exact morphology of the rodent jaw-closing musculature, particularly, the masseter...

INTRODUCTION Gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) account for the majority of penetrating brain injuries, and are the most lethal. Since they are rare in Europe, the number of neurosurgeons who have experienced this type of traumatic injury is decreasing, and fewer cases are reported in the literature. CASE We describe a case of gunshot to the temporal bone in which the bullet penetrated the sku...

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are a group of soft-tissue malignant tumors which derive from primitive skeletal muscle tissue that mainly affect children and adolescents. RMSs are very rare in adults, where they are usually located in the extremities. CASE PRESENTATION A previously healthy 32-year-old male presented at our ENT (ear, nose and throat) outpatient clinic after experiencing a...

The masseteric (jaw closure) reflex was utilized as a model system for assessing functional changes in central norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission. This monosynaptic reflex was chosen because of its simple and well-defined circuitry, and because its motor component receives a dense NE innervation. Previous experiments in our laboratory described NE modulation of this reflex in the anesthetize...

BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor syndrome defined by bilateral vestibular schwannomas. Facial paralysis, from either tumor growth or surgical intervention, is a devastating complication of this disorder and can contribute to disfigurement and corneal keratopathy. Historically, physicians have not attempted to treat facial paralysis in these patients. OBJECTIVE T...