BACKGROUND Fathers' cooperation has been less taken into account in the process of pregnancy. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of training the fathers regarding attachment skills on maternal-fetal attachment in primigravida women in 2013. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was performed on 150 qualified pregnant women's husbands. The intervention group took part in four...

During human implantation and placentation, the direct cell to cell contact of fetal and maternal tissues gives room for a variety of immune interactions. Especially, the invasion of a subset of fetal trophoblast cells, called extravillous trophoblast, generate a very close interplay between the two individuals, enabling the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall and the transformation ...

New technology in ultrasound imaging is allowing women to view more visually precise images of their fetuses than ever before. Maternal-fetal bonding describes the attachment interaction that forms between a mother and her unborn child. Ultrasound diagnosis modalities including two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) may create differences in the amount of materna...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate a vast network of genes by inhibiting mRNA translation. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles have been implicated in pathologies and physiological processes including pregnancy and angiogenesis. Using our established model of implantation failure and spontaneous fetal loss in pigs (Sus scrofa), 236 miRNAs were profiled and compared between 1) non...

Background of the study: The earliest relationship does not begin at birth. concept prenatal attachment is defined as subjective feeling state love for unborn child. Developing an one’s child considered important milestone in future parents’ developmental trajectory. Pregnancy a natural, pleasant process woman’s life, which also associated with significant stresses due to physical and mental ch...