This work describes a methodology to combine logic-based systems and connectionist systems. Our approach uses finite truth valued Lukasiewicz logic, where we take advantage of fact, presented by Castro in [6], what in this type of logics every connective can be define by a neuron in an artificial network having by activation function the identity truncated to zero and one. This allowed the inje...

Preamble This book written by A. Schumann & F. Smarandache is devoted to advances of non-Archimedean multiple-validity idea and its applications to logical reasoning. Leibnitz was the first who proposed Archimedes' axiom to be rejected. He postulated infinitesimals (infinitely small numbers) of the unit interval [0, 1] which are larger than zero, but smaller than each positive real number. Robi...

In the 1970s, Robin Giles introduced a game combining Lorenzen-style dialogue rules with a simple scheme for betting on the truth of atomic statements, and showed that the existence of winning strategies for the game corresponds to the validity of formulas in Lukasiewicz logic. In this paper, it is shown that ‘disjunctive strategies’ for Giles’s game, combining ordinary strategies for all insta...

The paper deals with fuzzy logic in the narrow sense of Lukasiewicz style, i.e. a special kind of many-valued logic which is aimed at modeling of vagueness phenomenon. This logic is a generalization of Lukasiewicz logic with many interesting properties (for example, generalization of the deduction and completeness theorems hold in it). Our aim is to prepare the background for the resolution in ...

This paper explores relationships between many-valued logic and fuzzy topology from the viewpoint of duality theory. We first show a fuzzy topological duality for the algebras of Lukasiewicz n-valued logic with truth constants, which generalizes Stone duality for Boolean algebras to the n-valued case via fuzzy topology. Then, based on this duality, we show a fuzzy topological duality for the al...

Ontology consistency has been shown to be undecidable for a wide variety of fairly inexpressive fuzzy Description Logics (DLs). In particular, for any t-norm “starting with” the Lukasiewicz t-norm, consistency of crisp ontologies (w.r.t. witnessed models) is undecidable in any fuzzy DL with conjunction, existential restrictions, and (residual) negation. In this paper we show that for any t-norm...

Monadic MV –algebras are an algebraic model of the predicate calculus of the Lukasiewicz infinite valued logic in which only a single individual variable occurs. GMV -algebras are a non-commutative generalization of MV -algebras and are an algebraic counterpart of the non-commutative Lukasiewicz infinite valued logic. We introduce monadic GMV -algebras and describe their connections to certain ...