the rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. by a proper ideal of a ring $r$,  we mean an ideal $i$ of $r$ such that $ineq r$.  we say that a proper ideal $i$ of a ring $r$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $i$ is not a prime ideal of $r$ but any proper ideal $a$ of $r$ with $ isubseteq a$ and $ineq a$ is a prime ideal. that is, among all the proper ideals of $r$,...

a novel algorithm for the fast detection of hubs in chemical networks is presented. thealgorithm identifies a set of nodes in the network as most significant, aimed to be the mosteffective points of distribution for fast, widespread coverage throughout the system. we showthat our hubs have in general greater closeness centrality and betweenness centrality thanvertices with maximal degree, while...