The acceptance of background noise can be assessed by having participants select the maximum background noise level (BNL) to which they are willing to listen while following speech at their most comfortable listening level (MCL). The difference between the selected BNL and MCL is the acceptable noise level (ANL). Preliminary investigations have revealed large between-participant ANL differences...

AND YUEFENG F. XIE aloacetic acids (HAAs) are a group of disinfection by-products (DBPs) regulated under the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR). The maximum contaminant level for five HAAs is 60 μg/L. These five regulated HAAs are monochloroacetic acid (ClAA), dichloroacetic acid (Cl2AA), trichloroacetic acid (Cl3AA), monobromoacetic acid (BrAA), and dibromoacetic acid ...

Groundwater samples were collected from eight wells in remote Antelope Creek valley, Idaho. Seven out of eight locations showed that groundwater 222 Rn concentrations were much greater than 11 Bq/L (300 pCi/L), a maximum contaminant level (MCL) proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Rock and soil samples collected near the sampling wells revealed that 238 U contents ...

To ensure that NO3-N concentrations in groundwater do not exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL; 10 mg L-~), drinking water supplies are continuously sampled and analyzed. Water sampling and analytical methods have changed during the past 40 yr, and failure to apply the errors associated with those methods places researchers at risk of reporting invalid NO3-N changes. The objectives of this...

BACKGROUND A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the ability of a special type of strongly basic resin MP500WS for the removal of nitrate from different waters. METHODS Two different types of Point-of-Use (POU) devices containing an identical resin were used. MP500WS known as macro porous was used in POU devices for removal of high concentrations of nitrate and sulfate ions from wat...

In 49 samples of groundwater, sampled in Muzaffargarh District of south-western Punjab, central Pakistan, concentrations of As exceeded the World Health Organisation provisional guideline value, and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), of 10 lg L 1 in 58% of samples and reached up to 906 lg L . In this semi-arid region canal irrigation has lead ...

A Bayesian hierarchical model is built to describe arsenic concentrations in treated water from sources of public drinking water systems. The model allows us to decompose the total variability in arsenic concentration into three components: between-system, between-source (within system) and within-source variabilities. Predictions about what percentage of a state's systems and sources aaected b...

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)injury, is one of the most common ligament injuries of the knee,mostly results from a valgus force.Restoration of function and going back to the pre-injury level of function is the aim of treatment in ligament injuries of the knee. There are multiple soft tissue structures in medial side that play an important role in connection with each other to retain medial s...

During rain storm events, land surface runoff and resuspension of bottom sediments cause an increase in Trihalomethane (THM) precursors in rivers. These precursors, when chlorinated at water treatment facilities will lead to the formation of THMs and hence impact drinking water resources. In order to evaluate the wet weather impact on the potential formation of THMs, river samples were collecte...