The generation and maintenance of immunological memory requires the activation, expansion, and persistent proliferation of antigen-specific T cells. Recent work suggests that IL-15 may be important for this process. Surprisingly, we now find that expression of the high-affinity receptor for IL-15, IL-15R , on T cells is dispensable for the generation or maintenance of memory CD8 T cells. By con...

We suggest a simple grand unified theory where the fifth dimensional coordinate is compactified on an S/(Z2 × Z ′ 2) orbifold. This model contains additional 10 + 10, (15 + 15) and two 24 Higgs multiplets in the non-supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory. Although this model is non-supersymmetric theory, the gauge coupling unification is realized due to the mass splittings of Higgs multiplet...

What are China’s goals and ambitions? means does it use to promote its interests? And what policies strategies Beijing employ accomplish goals? In this article we seek answer these questions by analyzing the grand strategy of Xi Jinping’s China. Regarding analysis, appears that Xi’s China has gone too far fast perhaps time momentum not yet on side.

Emergency surgeon: “ last of the mohicans” 2014-2016 editorial policy WSESWJES: position papers, guidelines, courses, books and original research; from WJES impact factor to WSES congress impact factor Fausto Catena, Frederick Moore, Luca Ansaloni, Ari Leppäniemi, Massimo Sartelli, Andrew B Peitzmann, Walt Biffl, Federico Coccolini, Salomone Di Saverio, Belinda De Simone, Michele Pisano and Ern...

Abstract In a Hotelling model with climate coalition and free-riding fringe, we compare demand-side supply-side policies aimed at keeping CO$_2$ concentration below ceiling equivalent to global warming of $2^\circ{\rm C}$. With the policy, caps its fuel demand. The corresponding allocation is intra-temporally distorted. purchases deposits. inter-temporally distorted extraction path can be disco...

BACKGROUND Health systems are complex and health policies are political. While grand policies are set by politicians, the detailed implementation strategies which influence the shape and impact of these policies are delegated to technical personnel. This is an underappreciated opportunity for optimising health systems. We propose that selective 'breeding' through successive evaluations of and s...

Due to the large size and complex structure of modern networks, firewall policies can contain several thousand rules. The size and complexity of these policies require automated tools providing a user-friendly environment to specify, configure and safely deploy a target policy. Much research has already addressed policy specification, conflict detection, and optimization but very little researc...

Under poor circumstances, co-residence of a grandmother is generally considered to be beneficial for (grand)children. Empirical evidence does not unequivocally support this expectation and suggests that the grandmother's importance depends on the family's circumstances. We study the relationship between grandmother's co-residence and children's schooling in sub-Saharan Africa under a broad rang...