The neutron is electrically neutral, but its substructure consists of charged quarks so it may have an internal charge distribution. In fact it is known to have a negative mean square charge radius (MSCR), the second moment of the radial charge density. In other words the neutron has a positive core and negative skin. In the first Born approximation the neutron MSCR can be simply related to the...

We use the optical and near-infrared photometry from the Kepler Input Catalog to provide improved estimates of the stellar characteristics of the smallest stars in the Kepler target list. We find 3897 dwarfs with temperatures below 4000K, including 64 planet candidate host stars orbited by 95 transiting planet candidates. We refit the transit events in the Kepler light curves for these planet c...

With improving methods and surveys, the young field of extrasolar planets has recently expanded into a qualitatively new domain terrestrial (mostly rocky) planets. The first such planets were discovered during the past year, judging by their measured masses of less than 10 Earth-masses (M⊕) or Super-Earths. They are introducing a novel physical regime that has not been explored before as such p...

Context. Earth-sized exoplanets have been discovered and characterized thanks to new developments in observational techniques, particularly those planets that may a rocky composition is comparable terrestrial of the Solar System. Characterizing interiors one main objectives investigations their habitability. Theoretical mass-radius relations are often used as tool constrain internal structure e...

We determine the increase of the maximum risk over the minimax risk in the case that the optimally robust estimator for the false radius is used. This is done by numerical solution of the implicit equations which determine optimal robustness, for location, scale, and linear regression models, and by evaluation of maximum asymptotic variance and mean square error over fixedsize symmetric contami...