this experimental study examined the effectiveness of using focused and unfocused tasks on iranianintermediate efl learners’ performance in producing noun, adjective, and adverb clauses. in addition,the aim of this study was to explore the effects of form-focused instruction and the feedback studentsreceived from their teacher after doing focused grammar tasks. data consisted of the scores ofth...

This study focused on the effect of transcribing task, as a noticing activity, on EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy. For 20 sessions, oral discussion tasks were assigned to 2 intermediate adult EFL classrooms, with 1 class serving as the control group and the other as the experimental group. For this purpose, the learners were divided into groups of 3 or 4 in each class. Learners in both group...

In the present study, an exploratory approach (Oxford, Cho, Leung & Kim, 2004) to language learning is adopted which holds that the number and type of strategies used by Iranian learners might vary with respect to the difficulty of task and their L2 proficiency. In this regard, the term task is defined, its leading dimentions and charecteristics are put forward, and the nature of learning start...

Focusing on applications for analyzing learner language which evaluate semantic appropriateness and accuracy, we collect data from a task which models some aspects of interaction, namely a picture description task (PDT). We parse responses to the PDT into dependency graphs with an an off-the-shelf parser, then use a decision tree to classify sentences into syntactic types and extract the logica...

This study presents productive L2 French grammar data obtained at the end of grade 1 from 186 elementary school children learning in bilingual (CLIL) or regular programs Germany. The completed a picture description task to assess their oral skills and two standardized cognitive tests on nonverbal intelligence sustained attention. results did not indicate any significant effects child-internal v...

This paper presents a method to associate meanings to words in manipulation tasks. We base our model on an affordance network, i.e., a mapping between robot actions, robot perceptions and the perceived effects of these actions upon objects. This knowledge is acquired by the robot in an unsupervised way by self-interaction with the environment. When a human user is involved in the process and de...