This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of saffron (Crocus Sativus L) and its main constituent crocin on neuropathic pain behavioral responses induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats (200 to 250 g) were randomly assigned into 5 groups: Sham + saline, CCI + saline, CCI+ saffron (30 mg/kg), CCI +crocin (15 mg/kg) and CCI + crocin (30 mg/...

Abstract Neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapy drugs such as oxaliplatin is a dose-limiting side effect in cancer treatment. The mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain are not fully understood. KCNQ2 channels are low-threshold voltage-gated K+ channels that play a role in controlling neuronal excitability. Downregulation of KCNQ2 channels has been proposed to be an under...

BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a unique member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This kinase plays an important role in neuronal development, and deregulation of its activity leads to neurodegenerative disorders. Cdk5 also serves an important function in the regulation of nociceptive signaling. Our previous studies revealed that the expression of Cdk5 and its activator, p35...

background: laps is one of the challenges in the treatment of opioid dependency that cause relapse. the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group therapy on the laps rate and persistence in the treatment of patients with opioid dependency under the treatment of mmt. methods: in a quasi-experimental study, 66 patients were...

Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown in our previous studies to exert antidepressant-like effect. As antidepressant drugs are clinically used to treat chronic neuropathic pain, this work aimed to investigate the potential antinociceptive efficacies of fisetin against neuropathic pain and explore mechanism(s). We subjected mice to chronic constriction injury (CCI) by loosely ligating the...

In this study the behavioral effects of sectioning the saphenous nerve at the time of application of the loose ligature and the effect of a selective ?1-adrenergic antagonist for two weeks after tying ligatures was examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into six groups: Sham-operated, sciatic nerve ligation (CCI), saphenous nerve section (Saph), CCI + S...

Model-based testers design tests in terms of models, such as paths in graphs. Abstract tests cannot be run directly because they use names and events that exist in the model, but not the implementation. Testers usually solve this mapping problem by hand. Model elements often appear in many abstract tests, so testers write the same redundant code many times. This is time-consuming, labor-intensi...

A novel full design and test generation system with combined High-Level Synthesis (HLS) and automated Hierarchical Test Pattern Generation (HTPG) was developed and experimented in cooperation between Linköping University and Tallinn Technical University. The high-level synthesis is based on an internal model of Extended Timed Petri Net (ETPN) representations. In the test generator both, registe...

This paper proposes a behavioral-level test pattern generation algorithm for behavioral VHDL descriptions. The proposed approach is based on the comparison between the implicit description of the fault-free behavior and the faulty behavior, obtained through a new behav-ioral fault model. The paper will experimentally show that the test patterns generated at the behavioral level provide a very h...