We have analyzed the stress build-up and vacancy dynamics due to material transport caused by electromigration in dual-damascene interconnect structures. Our model incorporates all relevant driving forces for material transport with a complete integration of mechanical stress in connection with microstructural aspects. First, it is shown that the addition of redundant vias can be effective in i...

We studied centrifugation-mediated mechanical stress-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in the monocyte-like cell line THP-1. The induction of TNF-alpha by mechanical stress was dependent on the centrifugation speed and produced the highest level of TNF-alpha after 1 h of stimulation. TNF-alpha production returned to normal levels after 24 h of stimulation. Mechanical st...

Enzymes are deformable molecules: the molecular structure can exist in essentially a continuum of different conformations. These are accessible by applying mechanical stress to the molecule. Mechanics then provides a general molecular mechanism to modulate enzymatic reactions, by applying mechanical stresses which deform the enzyme. There are approximately 10 known different enzymatic reactions...

Energizing of large power transformers is considered a critical event in the operation of an electric power system. When a transformer is energized by the grid or utility, it takes very high value current known as inrush current, the typical value of this current could be ten times. This inrush causes many problems like mechanical stress on transformer & harmonics injection to generator winding...

We present an expression for the calculation of microscopic stresses in molecular simulation, which is compatible with the use of electrostatic lattice sums such as the Ewald sum, with the presence of many-body interactions, and which allows local stresses to be calculated on surfaces of arbitrarily complex shape. The ultimate goal of this work is to investigate microscopic stresses on proteins...

TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are characterized by an oligomeric structure that plays a fundamental role in the binding process with membrane receptors. In this work, we studied the trimer-to-monomer (T ↔ 3M) equilibrium transition of the TRAF2 C-terminal domain using both chemical (dilution/guanidinium hydrochloride) and mechanical stress (high pressure) to induce the dissociation of...

The alternate deposition of exponentially and linearly growing polyelectrolyte multilayers leads to the formation of multicompartment films. In this study, a new system consisting in nanometer-sized multilayer barriers deposited on or between multilayer compartments was designed to respond to mechanical stimuli and to act as nanovalves. The diffusion of polyelectrolytes through the barrier from...

This paper deals with the fault ride-through capability assessment of a doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine using a high-order sliding mode control. Indeed, it has been recently suggested that sliding mode control is a solution of choice to the fault ride-through problem. In this context, this paper proposes a second-order sliding mode as an improved solution that handle the class...

Loading conditions and complex geometry have led the cylinder heads to become the most challenging parts of diesel engines. One of the most important durability problems in diesel engines is due to the cracks valves bridge area. The purpose of this study is a thermo-mechanical analysis of cylinder heads of diesel engines using a two-layer viscoplasticity model. In this article, mechanical p...