Advances in information technology have simplified many processes in our lives. However, in many cases trust issues arise when new technology is introduced, and voting is one prominent example. To increase voters’ trust, current e-voting systems provide paper audit trails (PATs) which enable automatic tally and/or manual audit of the election result. PATs may contain only the encrypted vote or ...

We study the noise activated dynamics of a model excitable system that consists of a subcritical Hopf oscillator with a time delayed nonlinear feedback. The coherence of the noise driven pulses of the system exhibits a novel double peaked structure as a function of the noise amplitude. The two peaks correspond to separate optimal noise levels for excitation of single spikes and multiple spikes ...

In the past decades, gas discharge lamps have gained widespread use in industrial applications. Due to their unique design properties concerning spectral, electrical and geometrical features, all types of gas discharge lamps can been found in technical applications. Mercury based lamps are the workhorses in many applications upgraded by their relatives, the metal halide versions. The low and me...

full adder cell is often placed in the critical path of other circuits. therefore it plays an important role in determining the entire performance of digital system. moreover, portable electronic systems rely on battery and low-power design is another concern. in conclusion it is a vital task to design high-performance and low-power full adder cells. since delay opposes against power consumptio...

Low glucose condition induces neuronal cell-death via intracellular mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways. It has been shown that low glucose medium decreases neuronal survival in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In this study, we have examined the activation of JNK, p38kinase and ERK1/2 pathways in low glucose medium in CGNs. The CGNs were prepared ...

Nitrogen is produced mainly from its most abundant source, the air, using three processes: membrane, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and cryogenic. The most common method for evaluating a process is using the selection diagrams based on feasibility studies. Since the selection diagrams are presented by different companies, they are biased, and provide unsimilar and even controversial results. I...

The unique properties of air-cooled bainitic steels have been described. A series of Mn containing air-cooled bainitic steels invented by authors is presented in this paper: including low carbon granular bainitic steels, low carbon grain-boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex steels, medium and medium high carbon bainite/martensite duplex steel, and low carbon carbide free bai...

I adopt the distribution dynamics framework to study labor productivity convergence, in the period 1980-1995, among 28 developed and developing countries, in different manufacturing sub-sectors, identified, as according their technological content into Resource Based, Low Technology, Medium Technology and High Technology. I find that, exception made for High Technology and Manufacturing as a wh...