introduction: zinc is an essential trace element that plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and modulating the activity of cns and involve in learning and memory. synaptic vesicle zinc in the hippocampus area exerting modulatory effects on nmda glutamate receptor. method: in this experiment the effects of nmda agonist and antagonist administration intra hippocampus on passive avoidance...

‎ introduction: controversial results have been reported about the effect of morphine and stress on learning and spatial memory in rodents. there are very few studies about the effects of ultra low doses of morphine on memory. in this study, effects of acute administration of low and usual doses of morphine on memory formation and retention in the presence and absence of repeated stress were in...

background: electroconvulsive therapy (ect) is one of the most efficacious treatment for major depressive disorder (mdd), it is also used as a rapid and efficacious treatment for other psychiatric disorders, especially treatment resistant ones. the cognitive impairment is one of the most important side effects of ect. this study examined the memoral herbal efficacy in prevention of ect‑induced ...

alzheimer is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress plays a major role. the present study was designed to investigate neuroprotective effect of lornoxicam, selegiline and co-administration of both drugs in scopolamine induced cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. scopolamine (1.4mg/kg) was administered intraperitoniallyin male wistar rats. rectangular maze perf...

objective: diabetes is a metabolic disorder which impairs carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. it is accompanied by cognition impairment in diabetic patients and animal models. lipids play an important role in nerve membrane composition, structure and function. this study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary butter and sesame oils on passive avoidance memory of streptozotocin (stz) diab...

the goal of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity of czech physicians to the early diagnosis of dementia in patients with memory impairment.a retrospective observational study was designed. we have reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who have been hospitalized for the first time due to dementia of any type at the kromeriz mental hospital from january 1, 2012 to december 31, 2...

in the current study, we assessed the role of transient receptor potential (trp) channels on avoidance memory and anxiety states in ca3 area of the hippocampus. we explored the anxiety and avoidance memory states using test-retest protocol in the elevated plus maze to understand whether trp channels can affect the above mentioned states in ca3 area. to investigate the consolidation phase of mem...

background: it has been shown that dietary restriction in the form of every other day fasting (eodf) has neuroprotective effects. the mechanisms of these effects are unknown yet. recently, it has claimed that dietary restriction can reset circadian and regulate irregular rhythms. previous studies have demonstrated that dietary restriction can change melatonin production and secretion. since mel...

the plethora of studies indicated that there is a cross talk relationship between harmaline and serotonergic (5-ht) system on cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. thus, the purpose of this study is assessment the effects of ca1 5-ht4 receptor on memory acquisition deficit induced by harmaline. harmaline was injected peritoneally, while 5-ht4 receptor agonist (rs67333) and antagonist (rs23597-...