Abstract. An insurance activity model that allows to evaluate the duration of the negative surplus is presented in this paper. Assuming the surplus process as continuing if ruin occurs, we consider how long this process will stay below zero. The compound Poisson continuous time surplus process is used for the model development. Analytical formulas are obtained for estimating the expected value ...

This study examined the way in which television genres in the Netherlands make use of additional communication channels in terms of interactivity and genre modification and whether the availability of additional communication channels in genres corresponds to audience age. Expert interviews were held with representatives of Dutch broadcasting organizations and a secondary analysis of Audience R...

Although scholars and business leaders generally expect the small fashion boutique retail format to phase out in China after the China joined the WTO, it has so far remained very resilient under current retail changes. This essay investigates the characteristics of the small fashion boutique format and explicates why small fashion boutiques remain to have certain advantages over larger retail f...

Theories of rent are wide-ranging. However, whether neoclassical, Marxist, or Proudhonist, they tend to neglect evolutionary institutionalist theorising. Increasingly dominated by the income approach, theories need be expanded, partly correct existing work, break persistent intellectual monopoly and oligopoly, particularly develop institutional rent. In this paper, I attempt do so presenting ev...

What is consumer surplus, and how is it measured? ANSWER: Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market. It is measured as the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount a buyer actually pays for it. For an individual purchase, consumer surplus is the difference between the willingness to pay, as shown on the demand curve, and the market price. F...