A new way to parametrize certain aspects of tropical convection through stochastic and mesoscopic models is developed here. The technical idea is to adapt tools from statistical physics and materials science to model important unresolved features of tropical convection. This new strategy consists of modeling the unresolved effects of convective inhibition in a coarse mesh mesoscopic parametriza...

Chemical master equations provide a mathematical description of stochastic reaction kinetics in well-mixed conditions. They are a valid description over length scales that are larger than the reactive mean free path and thus describe kinetics in compartments of mesoscopic and macroscopic dimensions. The trajectories of the stochastic chemical processes described by the master equation can be en...

An overview is given on the history, theory, and applications of mesoscopic neural models. It is shown why and how we can describe the behavior of a large population of neurons by the method of statistical neurodynamics. Normal and epileptic propagation of cortical activity have been simulated.

A mesoscopic methylammonium lead iodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) perovskite/TiO₂ heterojunction solar cell is developed with low-cost carbon counter electrode (CE) and full printable process. With carbon black/spheroidal graphite CE, this mesoscopic heterojunction solar cell presents high stability and power conversion efficiency of 6.64%, which is higher than that of the flaky graphite based device and co...

We show how to extend the use of thermodynamic concepts into the mesoscopic domain where fluctuations and nonlinearities play an important role. The theory presented: mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics, provides a new interpretation of local equilibrium that is formulated at small scales. From it one derives kinetic equations and nonlinear transport equation for the study of small-scale s...

Atomistic-based simulations such as molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo-based methods have come into wide use for material design. Using these atomistic simulation tools, we can analyze molecular structure on the scale of 0.1–10 nm. However, difficulty arises concerning limitations of the time and length scale involved in the simulation. Although a possible molecular struct...

In this paper we review the structure of the conserving sum rules in the mesoscopic regime, from the weakest driving fields to the strongest. As compact quantitative expressions of the microscopic conservation laws, the sum rules entail a set of straightforward criteria to be met by proper theoretical descriptions of metallicelectron behavior. As we discuss below, these criteria are quite enoug...

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is now a well-established method for simulating soft matter systems. However, its applicability was recently questioned because some investigations showed an upper coarse-graining limit that would prevent the applicability of the method to the whole mesoscopic range. This article aims to reestablish DPD as a truly mesoscopic method by analyzing the problems r...

In this paper we derive deterministic mesoscopic theories for model continuous spin lattice systems both at equilibrium and non-equilibrium in the presence of thermal fluctuations. The full magnetic Hamiltonian that includes singular integral (dipolar) interactions is also considered at equilibrium. The non-equilibrium microscopic models we consider are relaxation-type dynamics arising in kinet...

High-resolution x-ray-diffraction study from a mesoscopic scale grating surface of Si ~001! reveals a diffusescattering peak superimposed on each grating superlattice peak. It is shown that the diffuse scattering arises from a correlated size imhomogeneity produced during the oxidation and fabrication processes. A simple two-level model is presented to explain the experimental data. It provides...