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a letter authored by the well-known italian nobleman and traveller pietro della valle, dated 1624, is probably the oldest existing persian document in which modern astronomy, in particular the tychonic model, is introduced and discussed in detail. it was written in the reign of the safavid shah abbas i, less than a quarter of century after tycho brahe’s death. in part it was based on what his i...

We review the recent progress in the investigation of powerfree words, with particular emphasis on binary cubefree and ternary squarefree words. Besides various bounds on the entropy, we provide bounds on letter frequencies and consider their empirical distribution obtained by an enumeration of binary cubefree words up to length 80.

The homology of Lie algebras is closely related to the cyclic homology of associative algebras [LQ]. In [L] the first author constructed a "noncommutative" analog of Lie algebra homology which is, similarly, related to Hochschild homology [C, L]. For a Lie algebra g this new theory is the homology of the complex C,(g) ... ~ ~| g|-+ ... ~1 ~ k, whose boundary map d is given by the formula d(gl|1...

multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by a complex immune response. because of the complex nature of ms pathogenesis, a panel of biomarkers derived from different platforms will be required to reflect disease-related alterations. monitoring and evaluation of molecules associated with the pathogenesis of the disease would provide useful ...

the great event of ghadir has always had its own reasons and evidence to be proven. one of its documentation is the construction of a building as a mosque for its memorial. this article examines ghadir mosque features in the existing narratives and textual and visual documents. firstly, the geographical location of ghadirkhom, the reasons why this location was chosen for announcing the successo...

letter to the editor

letter to the editor

letter to the editor